商务写作指南：易混淆词汇辨析(1)

　　1.affect vs effect 　　两个“影响”辨析 　　Affect and effect are two words that are commonly confused. Affect is usually a verb (action); effect is usually a noun (thing). 　　Affect和effect这两个词语经常被混淆。Affect通常用作动词，表示某种行为，而effect常用作名词，表示某事。 　　Hint: If it’s something you’re going to do, use "affect." If it’s something you’ve already done, use "effect." 　　提示：如果某事是你正打算要去做的，那么用affect；如果某事是你已经做完了的，那么就用effect。 　　To affect something or someone. 　　“影响”某事或某人 　　Example 1: The noise outside affected my performance. 　　例1：外面的噪音影响了我的发挥。 　　Example 2: Staying away so long from office will affect promotion. 　　例2：长期离职会影响晋级。 　　The use of "effect" as a verb is what causes the most confusion between these two words. 　　effect用作动词时，最容易和affect造成混淆。 　　To have an effect on something or someone. 　　对某事或某人有“影响” 　　Note: effect is followed by the preposition on and preceded by an article (an, the) 　　注意：effect前面一般要有冠词a/the，effect后面通常要加介词on。 　　Example 1: His smile had a strange effect on me. 　　例1：他的笑容对我有一种奇怪的影响。 　　Example 2: Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent’s behavior. 　　例2：家长们担心音乐对于其青少年子女行为的影响。 　　2.some time / sometime vs sometimes 　　一段时间、某时和有时的辨析 　　Some time means a period of time. 　　Some time表示一段时间。 　　Example 1: The government still has sufficient instruments and still some time to move on this question. 　　例1：政府仍然有足够的工具和时间来应对这个问题。 　　Example 2: I think Jenny and I need some time right now anyway. 　　例2：反正我和珍妮需要一点时间。 　　Sometime indicates a time in the future or the past which is not known or not stated. 　　Sometime表示未来或者过去的某个时间，而这个时间目前还未知或者没有表述清楚。 　　Example 1: They hoped to meet up sometime. 　　例1：他们希望能找个时间见个面。 　　Example 2: The sales figures won’t be released until sometime next month. 　　例2：销售数据要到下个月的某个时候才会公布。 　　Sometimes means on some occasions but not always or often. 　　Sometimes指的是有时，但并不经常，表示频率。 　　Example 1: During the summer, my skin sometimes gets greasy. 　　例1：夏天我的皮肤有时会变得爱出油。 　　Example 2: I differed with my partner sometimes,but we usually agree. 　　例2：我有时与我的伙伴争论，但我们通常是一致的。 　　3.e.g vs i.e“ 　　例如”和“也就是”的辨析 　　e.g. stands for exempli gratia = for example. 　　e.g.是拉丁语exempli gratia的简写，表示“例如”，用于举例说明。 　　Example: "I like fast cars, e.g. Ferrari and Porche". 　　例句：我喜欢跑车，比如法拉利和保时捷。 　　In the sentence above you are simply giving an example of the kinds of cars you like - Ferraris and Porches. 　　在上述例句中，e.g.后要加你喜欢的车子的类型，即法拉利和保时捷。 　　i.e. stands for id est = that is (in explanation). 　　i.e.是拉丁语id est的简写，表示“也就是、即”的意思，用于解释说明。 　　Example: "I like fast cars, i.e. any car that can go over 150mph." 　　例句：我喜欢跑车，也就是时速超过150英里的车子。 　　In this second sentence you are giving an explanation of what you consider to be fast. 　　在第二句例句中，i.e.后是对跑车的说明，即你认为的跑车是多快的车子。