四级英语语法精解（二）

        A. Having believed B. Believing
        C. Believed D. Being believed
        "done结构"：只要分词与句子主语间是动宾关系就可以用过去分词，可以表示完成，可以表示正在进行，也可以表示条件。如：
        _______ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.
        A. Too look at B. Looking at
        C. Looked at D. To be looked at (2000.1)
        He came in, followed by a group of reporters.
        "having done结构"：分词与句子主语是主谓关系，切发生在谓语动词之前。Having seen the film already,I declined his invitation to go to the cinema.
        "having been done结构"：该结构表示完成被动，即分词与句子主语之间是动宾关系，切发生在谓语动词之前。如：Havingbeen showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine.
        "to do 结构"：这是不定式结构，在句中可以做目的状语，也可以做结果状语，但不定式动作总是发生在谓语动词之后。如：
        _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at
        least a master's degree.
        A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming
        表结果时一般为固定结构，如too …to…, enough to….，或是表示出乎意料的结果，常可加构成only to的结构。如：
        I did what I could to comfort her only to make her cry even more.
        The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital.
        "being done结构"：该结构表示被动与正在进行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：Being chased by some spies,he hid himself in the grass.
        (2)做表语
         测试中对表语的考查主要侧重在现在分词与过去分词的区别上，所以对于做表语的非谓语动词，主要看分词与句子主语之间的关系。做表语的分词一般只有 doing 和done两种形式。现在分词表示做表语的与主语是主谓关系；过去分词表示做表语的与主语之间是动宾关系。根据使用规律，如果主语是无生命名词，则表语分词为现在分词；如果主语是有生命名词，以过去分词居多，但也可以用现在分词，但意思不同。如：
        How disappointed he felt at the result of the election. (他感到失望)
        How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. (他令人失望）
        可接表语的系动词很多，除be外还有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。
        (3)做补足语
        一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规则基本相同。
        doing结构：分词与宾语构成主谓关系，表正在进行。
        When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and
        started dealing with another shop.
        A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
        done结构：分词与宾语构成动宾关系，表示被动与完成。
        Don't get your schedule _____;stay with us in this class.(1996.1)
        A. to change B. changing C. changed D. change
        to do 结构：不定式表示将来，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebodyto do等等。
        being done结构：表示被动和正在进行, watch the flag being raised
        Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe