四级英语语法精解（一）

        C. which to base on D. on which to base
        ② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it
        also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
        A. to compete B. competing
        C. to be competed D. having competed
        ① 题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及 means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。
       
        4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择
        做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：
        ① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would
        fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)
        A. Having believed B. Believing
        C. Believed D. Being Believed
        ② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at
        least a master's degree.(1995.1)
        A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming
        ③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from
        his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1)
        A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not
        ④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific
        circles.(1997.1)
        A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed
        从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：
        (1)状语类别的判断
        不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。
        (2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系
        根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
        (3)非谓语动词的否定形式
        not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。
        (4) 独立成分
        有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
       
        5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择
        做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：
        ① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the officetomorrow.(1998.1)
        A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
        ② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory
        dispute ______.(1998.6)
        A. being settled B. to be settled
        C. had settled D. as settled
        ③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.(2000.6)
        A. to be advertised B. advertised
        C. advertise D. advertising
        ④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(1999.6)