和谐英语

怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时

2007-10-21来源:

        下面还有一例,颇为有趣:
        Who's been eating my apples?(a)
        Who's eaten my apples?(b)
        (a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。又,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。
        (6)在否定结构中,现在完成时所否定的是谓语动词,现在完成进行时所否定的是状语。如:
        He hasn't been speaking since three o'clock.(a)
        He hasn't spoken since three o'clock.(b)
        (a)句中所否定的不是has been speaking,而是 since three o'clock,其结构等于 He has been speaking not since three o'clock but since half past three.这是因为现在完成进行时本身是没有否定结构的原故。(b)句用的是现在完成时,而现在完成时是有否定结构的,所以(b)句中所否定的自然是 has spoken,意即“从三点起他一直沉默不语,未发一言”。