语法的十一种时态与例子（一）

        (4) 独立成分
        有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:
        generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
        5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择
        做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：
        ① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1)
        A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
        ② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory
        dispute ______.(1998.6)
        A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled
        ③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.(2000.6)
        A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising
        ④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(1999.6)
        A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering
        ⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1)
        A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
        ⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the
        audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.(2000.1)
        A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated
        考查涉及到
        感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。
        have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。
        regard类后面的宾语补足语
        with独立分句后面的
        常用动词后面的宾语补足语。
        6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
        表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：
        ① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the
        mountain.(1999.6)
        A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated
        ② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6)
        A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
        分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
        7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
        to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：
        ① I have no objection _______ your story again.(2000.6)
        A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard
        ② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.(1996.6)
        A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal
        ③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager
        of the company.(1997.6)
        A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
        这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。
        8) 分词前连词的使用
        分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况
        (1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式
        Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(1995.1)
        A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded
        when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。