四级英语中的情态动词
2007-10-21来源:
c) 对现在的事情进行把握较小的判断
肯定一般用may加动词原形,此时,may不再表示“可以”,而是表示“可能”。
否定判断时一般用may not加动词原形。
She may not be annoyed because she is very patient.(她可能不会烦躁,因为她很有耐心。)
d) 对现在的事情进行把握更小的判断
肯定判断一般用might加动词原形;
否定判断时一般用might not加动词原形。
She might not be annoyed because she usually is very patient.(她可能不会烦躁,因为她通常很有耐心。)
e) 对过去的事情进行把握较小的判断时一般用may加动词的完成时形式(may have done),同样,may不再表示“可以”,而是表示“可能”。对过去事情进行把握较小的否定判断时一般用加动词的完成时形式(may not have done)。
例:He may have gone back home, because he didn't say he would take part in her birthday party.(他可能已经回家了,因为他并没有说会参加她的生日聚会。)
f) 对过去的事情进行把握更小的判断
肯定判断一般用might加动词的完成时形式(might have done);
例:She was thankful that she'd had her baby in hospital; otherwise, she thought, the baby _____.
A) died B) had died C) might have died D) might die
答案是C。
否定判断时一般用might not加动词的完成时形式(might not have done)。
g) 用needn't have done来表示“没有必要(做已经做了的事)”
例:1991年6月四级第53题
You ______ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A) needn't have done B) shouldn't have done
C) must not have doneD) cannot have done
后面一句是说:“这类计算我们由计算机来做”。按后面一句的意思来推测,前面是讲:“你已经做了全部计算,这是没有必要的”。Needn't 后面接动词完成式正是表示这种意思, 所以答案是A。
3. would的用法:
1) 用于提出提议或邀请
例:Would you like to change a seat? It's warmer here.(您要不要换一下座位?这里暖和些。)
Would you prefer a hardback edition?(您要不要买一本精装本?)
2) 用于提出客气的要求或请求:
例:I would like you to fetch that document for me now.(我想请你现在就帮我把那份文件取来。)
I would like to know more about your plan.(我想更多地了解一下你的计划。)
3) would you mind + doing句型通常用于表示请求对方做一件有一定麻烦的事情,语气一般都非常客气。注意回答时通常是肯定的,以表示愿意做所要求的事情。
例:Would you mind filling in this form?(请您填一下这张表。)
Would you mind repeating what you just said?(请把刚才的话重复一遍好吗?)
4) 用于委婉地表示自己的意见:
例:I would think the journey will take something like two weeks.(依我看,这次旅程大约需要两个星期。)
I would look at the problem a little differently.(我对这个问题的看法略有不同。)
5) 用于表示过去经常性的行为或动作:
例:The retired captain would sit hours on end watching ships sailing past.(退休的船长经常坐在海边观望过往的行船,一坐就是几个小时。)
He would go to bed strictly at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere except in that restaurant. (他总是严格地9点上床睡觉。星期日总在那家饭店吃午饭。)
4. should的用法:
1) 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈:
例:You should be here with clean hands.(你应该把手洗干净了再来吃饭。)
例:1989年1月四级第45题
With all this work on hand, he _______ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn’t B) oughtn’t to go
C) wouldn’t go D) shouldn’t have gone
全句的意思是:“他手头又这么多工作,昨夜不该看电影”。本句表达的是昨天已经发生但去不该发生的事情,所以应该用情态动词should的否定式,后接动词的完成式。因而答案是D) shouldn’t have gone。