1993年06月英语四级试题（阅读）

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足), hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital.
She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which is most hospitals includes only doctors.
21.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
(A) The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
(B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
(C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
(D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.

22.It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
(A) compared with other hospitals nurse at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
(B) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view
(C) In most hospital nurse get low salaries
(D) Compared with other hospital nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital

23.A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when _____.
(A) the present one is refused by the patient
(B) the patient complains about the present one
(C) the present one proves to be ineffective
(D) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate

24.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former _____.
(A) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
(B) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nurses
(C) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
(D) has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses

25.The author’s attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is _____.
(A) negative (C) neutral
(B) critical (D) positive

Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies -and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed thateffective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的27.Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.
(A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
(B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
(C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk
(D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink

28.In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.
(A) have the lights turned on
(B) be rewarded with milk
(C) please their parents
(D) be praised

29.The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
(A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
(B) the sight of the lights was interesting
(C) they need not turn back to watch the lights
(D) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights

30.According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.
(A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world
(B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
(C) their strong desire to solve complex
(D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to ______.
(A) a shop assistant (C) the manufacturer
(B) the store manager (D) a public organization

33. The most effective complaint can be made by _____.
(A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
(B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
(C) saying firmly that the item of poor quality
(D) asking politely to change the item

34. The phrase "live up" (Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means _____.
(A) meet the standard of (C) fulfil the demands of
(B) realize the purpose of (D) keep the promise of

35. The passage tells us _____.
(A) How to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item
(B) How to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
(C) How to avoid buying a faulty item
(D) How to deal with complaints from customers

37. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _____ .
(A) a waste of money (C) an expression of taste
(B) a waste of time (D) an expression of creativity

38. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.
(A) cost (C) comfort
(B) appearance (D) suitability

39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? ______.
(A) New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.
(B) The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of character.
(C) The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.
(D) Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.

40. By saying "the conclusion to be drawn are obvious" (Para 4, Line 1-2), the writer means that _____.
(A) women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at
(B) women are better able to put up with discomfort
(C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
(D) men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion