大学英语四级篇章词汇 13

　　导读：
　　Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform.（这句话中要注意few things在这里表示的是否定的意思即“没有什么东西”，故整句话的意思为“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”） Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
　　Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的） clothes.（the arguments for uniforms与第三段中的the arguments against uniforms相对应，说明对制服的两种不同的观点。） People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份） than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.（第二段的主要意思是People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.“人们习惯期望从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”）
　　Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.(第三段指出反对制服的人的观点：使人失去个性。)
　　全文翻译：
　　美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服。为什么制服能在美国大行其道呢？
　　在诸多赞成制服的理由中，首当其冲的理由是，在大多数人眼里，制服比便服更显职业化。人们习惯期望从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。穿制服的电视维修员往往比穿便服的更能赢得信任。汽车修理工若穿了制服，顾客更信赖他们的技术。对于一名护士、理发师或侍者而言，要想卸下职业身份，还有什么办法比脱掉制服更加简单的呢？制服还有很多实用性。可以节省购买其他衣服的开销，可以节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿。
　　反对制服的主要原因是制服缺乏多样性，结果导致必须穿制服的人个性的丧失。尽管制服的种类很多，但穿上一种后，一般会一直穿下去，不再改变，直到退休。人穿戴相似时，思考方式和言行举止也往往趋于相似，只在在上班时间是这样的。