2010年12月英语四级阅读专项练习(20)
In the United States, it is not __11__ to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11: 00 p. m. . If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he __12__ it's a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call __13__ its importance.
In __14__ life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. , guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the __15__ to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in __16__ because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings __17__ between people from cultures that treat time differently.
Promptness is valued __18__ in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no one would think of keeping a business __19__ waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is __20 __ to make a short
apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
A. highly B. engagement C. customary D. social
E. inform F. invitation G. advance H. absence
I. heavily J. associate K. expected L. assumes
M. habitual N. arise O. communicates
Passage 3
At the close of each business day, most trained teachers, administrators, politicians, and statesmen make objective analyses of all that has transpired. They then carefully evaluate performance in the achievement of certain specified objectives. You, as a student, would be wise to adopt the same practice and reflect upon your performance in relating to the achievement of certain personal and educational objectives.
First, what was your purpose, your motivational force in seeking an education? Did you seek an education in active performance, or did you seek to be educated in passive reception and automatic acquisition(获取) of information that was fed to you? Was the profit motive your primary motivation for obtaining an education? Do you want a better education for the sole purpose of getting a better job? What does the educational process really mean to you?
We are part of a world in which men thrill to the touch of gold and hearts respond to the word money instead of being thrilled by the thought of good. We five in a world in which we are taught that the pursuit of happiness is an equation for the most rapid acquisition of money, by whatever means.
If profit and money are your first priorities, and compassion and commitment to people your least concern, you have done little other than accumulate some facts and compile some information for future reference. If making money is your daydream and losing money your nightmare, if poverty is your worst fear and making money your most fervent prayer, you have missed the opportunity for education. You have failed yourself and have only received Nome instruction.
21.. This passage suggests that students should______.
A. assess their aims for learning B. learn more to earn more
C. evaluate their politicians and statesmen D. keep knowledge to themselves
22.The educational procedure should be one in which the student______.
A. does what he is told
B. gets a better education to get a better job
C. makes principles of education for self-betterment of their aims
D. approaches the benefits of being well-off
23. The author seems to feel that______.
A. people's welfare should be the chief concern in learning
B. profit has nothing to do with people
C. poverty is good for the soul
D. knowledge is not the main objective for learning
24.A good title for the selection might be______.
A. The Benefit of Education
B. Education Motivation—Progress or Profit
C. Self-Education 和谐英语学习网
D. Profit and Money
25. The word "nightmare" in the last paragraph is nearest in meaning to_______.
A. a very bad dream B. unhappiness
C. sleeplessness D. a hazard to your health
When we analyze the salt salinity(盐浓度) of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt stays behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted (稀释) so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.
Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.
26. This passage mainly tells us about_______.
A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean waters
B. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinity
C. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinity
D. the different forms of salts in ocean waters
27.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.
A. melting of sea ice B. precipitation
C. evaporation D. supplement of salt
28.Which of the following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?
A. Precipitation. B. Rain and snow.
C. Formation of ice. D. Addition of water by rivers.
29.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Oceanic salinity has great effect on sea life.
B. Many factors combine to cause changes in oceanic salinity.
C. The movement of the water is related to the amount of salt.
D. The temperature of the water has much to do with the oceanic salinity.
30.The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is_______.
A. to give an example of cold-water salinity
B. to point out the location of deep waters 和谐英语学习网－http://www.hxen.net
C. to make a comparison between hot-water salinity and cold-water salinity
D. to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity from place to place
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