英语四级六级阅读常见考点解析（10）：选词填空&补全填空

四级选词填空

题型解密：
一、核心要求：识辨词性。选词填空要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇填入10个空格中。考核的主要目的是检查考生的单词词性识别能力。
二、四词用法：名词；动词；形容词；副词。纵观真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。平时如果熟知每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法，答题会轻松许多。

难关突破：

词性要分类，有同学感觉分类很难。不知从何下手？

答：从副词下手！考试题目中副词选项最少，特征也最为明显。

而且，一词只能用一次，一旦用过就可以叉掉。选择范围越变越小。

解题步骤： 
一、标注词性，预先分组：把题目中给出的15个备选答案词汇进行词性分组。
二、浏览全文，预测答案：快速扫描文章，预测缺省信息的词性，对个别题目作出预测。
三、同性比较，选择唯一：对相同词性词汇与原文意思进行比照，选择唯一的答案。利用上下文线索，词的褒贬色彩，平行结构，单复数，时态等解题。
四、带入选项，通读检查：带入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。

真题示例（针对词性分类和预测）

Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients（前面是名词，从句缺谓语）47动词 of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.

Times have changed. Today, we take pain (句子结构完整，所以缺副词修饰动词)  48副词. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in（介词后跟名词或动名词） 49动名词（后面还有名词短语，可预测填动名词）a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s life, causing problems that 50动词（从句缺谓语）from missed work to depression.

That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who 51动词（从句缺谓语） in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social（形容词后）52名词elated to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 53动词 （从句缺谓语）the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.

This modern 54名词（空前有形容词，且空后需与for能搭配）for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 55形容词（空后为名词，缺修饰语） number of drugs available, and many of them caused 56形容词 （空后为名词电压表同样，缺修饰语）side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.

选项词性分类：

名词：A. result(结果) D. range(范围) F. issues M. respect

动词：A. result(导致) B. involves D. range(涉及) E. relieved(使轻松) F. issues(发行) I. determining J. limited (限制)L. complained M. respect N. prompting O. specialize

形容词：C. significant E. relieved(放心的) H. magnificent J. limited(有限的)

副词：G. seriously k. gravely

注：一词多词性时，对中文意思进行标注

六级补全填空

题型解密：

一、核心要求：考察句子结构。补全填空要求根据文中的信息将句子补充完整（complete the sentences with the information given in the passage）。所提供的原句缺少成分，需返回原文，在文中寻找作者所提供的信息。实际上，本题主要考察考生基础句子结构。

二、高中讲过句子构成中，主要有主谓宾、主系表、定状补等成分，一旦残缺部分的句子成分确定了，它的语法结构也就随之确定了，是填动词，副词，还是形容词，我们在构造答案之前需做到心中有数。

解题步骤：

一是分析出题者提供的句子，查找缺少的成分

二是利用题干关键词在文中定位答案的所在范围

三是结合题干，填入符合语法结构的成分，使句子完整并忠实于原文

真题示例

Energy service contractors profit by taking a part of clients' ____. (cet6, 2007.12)

解析：

① 寻找题干中缺少的成分：根据我们在名词语法中所学的，所有格后面应该是接一个名词性结构，表达的含义应该是"顾客的什么东西"。

② 利用题干的关键词定位答案范围：利用关键词Energy service contractors返回原文定位到了这样一句话："Energy service contractors" will pay for retrofitting (翻新改造) in return for a share or the client's annual utility-bill savings.

③ 补充完整题干，符合语法，忠实原文：对比原文我们发现client's 之后的annual utility-bill savings正是我们要找的属于clients的东西。正确答案也就是"annual utility-bill savings"。

四级：

对下列词语进行词性分类：

A) accomplish                              I) manufacture

B) advanced                                J) moments

C) balloon                                   K) news

D) claim                                      L) reduced

E) constantly                               M) regret

F) declare                                    N) scary

G) interviews                               O) totally

H) limited

六级：

"United 93" is the first feature film to deal explicitly with the events of September 11, 2001, and is certain to ignite an emotional debate. Is it too soon? Should the film have been made at all? More to the point, will anyone want to see it? Other 9/11 projects are on the way as the fifth anniversary of the attacks approaches, most notably Oliver Stone's " World Trade Center." but as the forerunner, "United 93"will take most of the heat, whether it deserves it or not.

The movie “United 93” is sure to give rise to _______________.

四级：

名词：C) balloon  D) claim （要求，断言） G) interviews （采访；面试）  J) moments

K) news M) regret（抱歉，遗憾） manufacture（制造，制造业）

动词：A) accomplish  B) advanced（前进，使提前发生）    D) claim （声称；索取） F) declare  

G) interviews （采访；面试）  H) limited（限制）      I) manufacture（生产，制造）

L) reduced（减少） M) regret（抱歉，遗憾）

形容词：  B) advanced（先进的，预先的）  H) limited（有限的） N) scary

副词：E) constantly   O) totally

六级：

【答案】an emotional debate

【解析】根据题干中的is sure to 和give rise to找到答案出处为： "United 93" is the first feature film to deal explicitly with the events of September 11, 2001, and is certain to ignite an emotional debate.    is sure to 和give rise to分别是对原文中的is certain to和ignite的同义转述，所以，ignite的宾语就等同于give rise to的宾语，即本题的答案。