英语四级阅读真题长难句解析03

11. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主干为He believes…diseases…could be addressed…。that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men修饰most diseases。by preventive check-ups为be addressed的方式状语。

【译文】他相信，那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。

12. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will listen. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Shoppers seldom complain to…but…will alert…。破折号在这里起到强调或引起别人注意破折号后面要说的话的作用。在破折号后，who引导的定语从句who will listen修饰的是anyone。

【译文】顾客很少向经理或者零售店的老板投诉，相反，他们会转而向他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人——以及任何可以听到的人吐苦水。

13. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句，主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语，修饰those。

【译文】这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要，而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。

14. Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句，主干为Customers can…improve…experiences。方式状语by filling complaints to the retailer修饰improve future shopping experiences。instead of表示否定，其前后成分结构一致，complaining前其实省略了by。

【译文】顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善今后的购物体验，而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。

15. A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主句为A code of conduct is hard to create，从句为when引导的时间状语从句when you’re living…last。从句中又包括两个由介词in加which引导的定语从句in which everyone is…sleep和in which nice…last，先行词均为a world。

【译文】当你生活在一个每个人都因加班工作、缺乏睡眠而筋疲力尽的社会，在一个好人最后总是吃亏的社会时，很难创造出一套行为准则。