大学英语六级考试短文写作精讲－9

　　c) 非限定形容词从句或插入语。例如： 　　at l0 a.m.we arrived at the railway station , where jane was waiting for us. 　　you know , of course , what a phrasal verb is. i needn’t , therefore , explain it now. 　　d) 呼语、同位语。例如： 　　george , tell dick the answer to the question. 　　he was a direct descendant of the famous warrior chief , black hawk. 　　e) 日期、数字、地址。例如： 　　chichester began the greatest voyage of his life in august , 1966. 　　the voyage from england and back covered 28, 2500 miles. 　　please send it to 1932 hill road , london s.e. 18.(门牌号和街名间无标点) 　　f) 姓名(姓在名前面时)，非正式信件的抬头或信末署名前的客套语。例如： 　　shakespeare , william 　　einstein , albert 　　dear philip , 　　sincerely yours , 　　2) 分号(semicolon) 　　主要用于： 　　a) 两个或两个以上意义有联系的分句中间。例如： 　　understanding is a two-way operation ; learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. 　　work is more than a necessity for most human beings ; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity. 　　some farmers were hauling water out to their thirsty stock daily ; others were trying to drill deep wells. 　　not only do lies provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception ; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health. 　　b) 列举事物，尤其是其间有逗号时。例如： 　　there will be three foreign teachers next term: miss ann smith from boston, america ; mr. john baker from london, england ; and ms mary blake from sydney, australia. 　　3) 冒号(colon) 　　主要用于： 　　a) 列举事物。例如： 　　that was a tale of two cities : london and paris. 　　it may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes : first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and second, those whose work and pleasure are one. 　　b) 注释句之前。例如： 　　i’ve just had some good news : i’ve been offered a part-time job in the computer center. 　　these seat covers are the most durable kind : they are reinforced with double stitching and covered with a heavy plastic coating. 　　4) 破折号(dash) 　　主要用于： 　　a) 注释性的词语或句子前;如用于句子中间，前后都要有破折号。例如： 　　there is a way to decide any question — experiment. 　　somewhere or other — i think it is in the preface to saint joan — bernard shaw remarks that we are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the middle ages. 　　b) 补充性的成分。例如： 　　life — and death, too — is a cycle that goes round and round. i teach because teaching is a profession built on change. when the material is the same, i change — and more important, my students change. 　　c) 总括所列举的事物。例如： 　　the complex operation required new methods for directing the combined endeavors of thousands and thousands of minds, some in government, some in universities, some in private industry — all working together for a common purpose. 　　d) 突然转折。例如： 　　one little problem is that a computer can’t laugh yet — but the scientists are working on it. 　　5) 撇号 　　a) 用作省略号。例如：o’er ( = over), it’s = (it is). 　　b) 用作所有格符号。例如：mary’s handbag, the l990’s。 　　c) 构成字母、数字或缩写的复数形式。例如：the four a’s。