语法:四六级情态动词综合用法指导一
2007-11-05来源:
Ought (后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词)应该
1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You ought not to be so careless in your work .你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。
We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.
我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。
His doctor said to him that he oughtn't to smoke so much .
他的大夫说他不应该抽这么多烟。
Oughtn't you to give us a chance to try ?
你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗?
2) 表示极有可能发生某事
As an auto repairman , Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car .
狄克作为一个汽车修理工总该知道这部车的毛病所在吧。
If we set off right now , we ought to be able to get there in time .
如果我们马上出发,我们应当能够按时到达那里。
Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today .
今天有这么好的晚霞,明天准是个晴天。
need(用于否定句和疑问句)需要
There are still one and a half hours to go , we needn't be insuch a hurry .
还有一个半小时,我们无需如此慌慌张张。
I hardly need say how much we missed you .不用说我们是多么想念你啊。
Need you go so soon ?你需要这么早就去吗?
You need have no anxiety on my account .你不必为我而着急。
dare , dared(用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句)敢
Dare you stay here alone in the night ? 你敢在夜里呆在这儿吗?
Nobody dared mention that matter. 没有人敢提那件事。
How dared you say that to her ? 你怎么敢对她说那件事?
Even if you dare do it , I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous .
即使你敢做,我也会让你做那件事,因为太危险了
shall 用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思:
1)许诺
You shall hear everything directly you come .你一来就可以听到一切了。
"Whatever you want you shall have , "said the Fairy .
仙女说:"你想得到什么,你就可以有什么。"
I don't want to be hard on your daughter ; she shan't be pressed .
我不想对你女儿太严厉,她不会太受压的。
I promise that you shall see her again before long .
我保证你不久就能再见到她。
2)命令
You shall come to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室。
She shall not stay in my garden .她不可以呆在我的花园里。
He shall not come into my study . 不许他进我的书房。
You shall do as you are told .按告诉你的那么做。
3)决心(表示某事一定会发生)
That day shall come .那一天一定会到来。
It has been decided that he shall be given the job .
肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了。
This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2001
这个法律于2001年元月1日生效。
4)规定
Each competitor shall wear a number .每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。
The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state .
租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。
The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after
receipt of the goods .卖方十月以前装运,买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。
should (用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。)
1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily .
你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。
You should write to your parents at least once a month .
你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。
We should read English aloud every morning .
我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。
They should do it for their own good .
为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。
2)表示对某种情况的估计
She shouldn't be out in such an early morning .
她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。
The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices .
人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。
The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。
This book should be published in two months at most .
这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。
3)表示惊讶、失望等情绪
I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.
我认为,竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。
Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干吗要无为地付给他钱?
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me .
这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。
It's strange that it should be so cold today .奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。
4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气
The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .
大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。
If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料,这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。
She stood away so that he should enter the room first .
她让到一边,好让他第一个进入房间。
I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。
Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain .
带上雨伞,以防万一下雨。
will , would
(would可以看作是will的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)
1)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉)
Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes ?
请告诉她我二十分钟后回来,好吗?
If you want help, just let me know , will you ?
你需要帮助就告诉我,好吗?
Won't you come in and have a little whisky ?
你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌?(或是:你进来喝一点儿威士忌,好吗?)
Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ?
您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗?
2)用于表示愿望
Go where you will .去你想去的地方吧。
I will pay you at the rate you ask .我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。
He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure .他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。
They had to obey whether they would or not .他们不得不遵从他们的意愿。
3)表示习惯、倾向(可译成"总是会、老是,等" )
Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon .
有时侯,那只猫总是整个下午都躺在那儿。
Oil and water will not mix .油和水决不能调和。
He would sit there for hours , doing nothing at all .
他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时,什么都不干。
4)表示猜测(可译成"一定是……、想必……,等" )
This will be the house you're looking for .这想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He will have gone back to New Zealand .他一定是回新西兰去了。
The person you mentioned would be the father , is that right ?
你说的那个人一定是爸爸了,对吗?
That would be in 1999 , I think .那大概是在1999年吧。
5)will用于表示决心(可译成"一定要,决心,等" )
We will never talk about that subject again .
我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。
I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night .
我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。
6)would常用于虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况
But for your help we would have been late .要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
Well , I wouldn't worry about it . It won't do me any good .
好了,我不会担心那件事的,因为它不会给我带来什么好处。
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