精读：大学英语提升四六级阅读能力（二）
2008-04-19来源:
例3、六级2001年6月阅读第二篇
For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. ……
Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.
Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface. Could it be science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at least destined to take a leading role? ……
With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. ………
36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was_____ .
A) to display their country's military might
B) to accomplish some significant science
C) to find new areas for colonization
D) to pursue commercial and state interests
37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _____ .
A) international cooperation B) nationalistic reasons
C) scientific research D) long-term profits
注意：economic / commercial / financial / profit ; nationalistic / political / military / cold war / nationalism; science / scientist/ scientific 都是近义词或同一范畴的词，也就阅读文章中经常出现的同义换词现象。如果一个词的同义词、相关词在一篇文章中多次重复出现，必定是这篇文章的强调的地方，必定和考题相关。另外，请注意这两道题的考法，先考过去，再考现在，一个是was, 一个是is。答案D,C。
例4、考研2004年 Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's “personal search agent”. It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
….
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs – those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them – and they do.
44. Why does CareerSite's agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
A) To focus on better job matches.
B) To attract more returning visits.
C) To reserve space for more messages.
D) To increase the rate of success.
请注意下面句中them是指代什么：then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. 有的辅导书上是这么翻译的：然后给网上贴出的对应岗位发个邮件/ 当…时，你就通过EMAIL给这些人寄去相关的资料。其实，这里them指visitors。比如说你访问某个求职网站，登记了你的要求，那么该网站可能会根据你的要求给你发email通知你，这就是所谓的interactive feature.
44题答案B, 实际上考的是一个例证题，但是表面上不很容易看出来，这就是考研难的地方。如果你平时注意分析第一句话和后面句子的关系，那么你就会知道，例证题的答案经常指向段落第一句话。答案中attract替换原文tempt。如果你在解题的时候只注意后面几句话，就可能会做错答案或者速度慢了。
例五、考研2002年 Text 4
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects – a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen – is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____ .
A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain
B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
答案B, 这几段里有不少和法律相关单词可以学习，比如constitutional / rule / supreme court, rule 这个词在这里是裁决的意思，很多死背词汇书的同学考试中就不一定能够反应出这个意思。这道题目的干扰项之一C很有意思，大家有没有注意到strongly这个词，这个选项就错在这里。请看一下第二段Although这句话，体会一下这句话的内涵(尽管，但是)，这句话的内涵是最高法院尽管认为医生协助病人自杀是非法的，是持反对态度的，但并不是强烈反对！ 所以大家在做题的时候一定要注意选项中的形容词和副词等限定词，这些地方经常是陷阱，同样文章中出现这类词汇也需要高度警惕。
第二步：翻译文章或者与译文(如果有)对照学习
这一步最具有挑战性，但可以使你对英文的理解更准确，可以让你更自由地在中英文之间驰骋。
For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. ……
Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.
Today Mars looms as humanity's next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface. Could it be science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at least destined to take a leading role? ……
With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. ………
36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was_____ .
A) to display their country's military might
B) to accomplish some significant science
C) to find new areas for colonization
D) to pursue commercial and state interests
37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _____ .
A) international cooperation B) nationalistic reasons
C) scientific research D) long-term profits
注意：economic / commercial / financial / profit ; nationalistic / political / military / cold war / nationalism; science / scientist/ scientific 都是近义词或同一范畴的词，也就阅读文章中经常出现的同义换词现象。如果一个词的同义词、相关词在一篇文章中多次重复出现，必定是这篇文章的强调的地方，必定和考题相关。另外，请注意这两道题的考法，先考过去，再考现在，一个是was, 一个是is。答案D,C。
例4、考研2004年 Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's “personal search agent”. It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
….
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs – those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them – and they do.
44. Why does CareerSite's agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
A) To focus on better job matches.
B) To attract more returning visits.
C) To reserve space for more messages.
D) To increase the rate of success.
请注意下面句中them是指代什么：then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. 有的辅导书上是这么翻译的：然后给网上贴出的对应岗位发个邮件/ 当…时，你就通过EMAIL给这些人寄去相关的资料。其实，这里them指visitors。比如说你访问某个求职网站，登记了你的要求，那么该网站可能会根据你的要求给你发email通知你，这就是所谓的interactive feature.
44题答案B, 实际上考的是一个例证题，但是表面上不很容易看出来，这就是考研难的地方。如果你平时注意分析第一句话和后面句子的关系，那么你就会知道，例证题的答案经常指向段落第一句话。答案中attract替换原文tempt。如果你在解题的时候只注意后面几句话，就可能会做错答案或者速度慢了。
例五、考研2002年 Text 4
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects – a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen – is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____ .
A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain
B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
答案B, 这几段里有不少和法律相关单词可以学习，比如constitutional / rule / supreme court, rule 这个词在这里是裁决的意思，很多死背词汇书的同学考试中就不一定能够反应出这个意思。这道题目的干扰项之一C很有意思，大家有没有注意到strongly这个词，这个选项就错在这里。请看一下第二段Although这句话，体会一下这句话的内涵(尽管，但是)，这句话的内涵是最高法院尽管认为医生协助病人自杀是非法的，是持反对态度的，但并不是强烈反对！ 所以大家在做题的时候一定要注意选项中的形容词和副词等限定词，这些地方经常是陷阱，同样文章中出现这类词汇也需要高度警惕。
第二步：翻译文章或者与译文(如果有)对照学习
这一步最具有挑战性，但可以使你对英文的理解更准确，可以让你更自由地在中英文之间驰骋。
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