精读：提升大学英语四六级阅读能力（一）
2008-04-19来源:
3.注意对文章中重要词汇进行一定的扩展。
我们可以从词汇的同义词、反义词，同根词、相关性等等角度进行扩展，让你的词汇形成一个网络，而不是孤立的个体。
4.正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代
如果无法正确识别指代，读者就无法把句子和句子连接成具有连贯意义的整体，就无法把握作者的思路延展。
例1：2003年6月六级阅读理解第三篇
(32)Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. (This = the tremendous increase in the number of pupils.) In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of he legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when hat age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school. (本文是一篇人文类的议论文，讨论的主要对象public education在第一句话中就提到，属于开门见山类的文章。 第一段讲了公立学校面临的主要困难是学生数量的巨大增长，以及增长的原因。)
32. What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?
[定位与替换] 本题问学生数量增长的原因是什么？为典型的因果关系考点。问题指向原文第一段第一句，公立学校面临的主要问题是学生数量的增长。接着讲了两个原因(This has been caused by …)：合法就业年龄的提高(也就是在一定年龄以下不能就业)和达到合法年龄后无法找到工作。所以选B) Raising of the legal age for going to work. 合法工作年龄的提高。
[干扰项分析] A) The requirement of educated workers by business. 企业对受过教育的工人的要求。文中没有提到，属于无中生有。C) The trend toward a shorter workday. 工作时间缩短的趋势。此为第二段第一句的内容，但偏离了考点。D) People’s concern for the future of the next generation. 人们对下一代的未来的关心。文中也没有提到，属于无中生有。
如果无法正确识别文章中This 的指代，解题就会遇到困难。现在的四六级考研英语命题者，喜欢从指代处出题。
例2：2002年6月阅读第一篇：
Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it. (some scientists argue为插入语，第一个it指代the human history，第二个it指代global climate change)
第三步：总结文章中的好的短句、长难句、考点句；总结文章中句子如何开头，句子之间的关系、衔接，段落之间的衔接，并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的句型。
例1：He is a big spender. 他花钱大手大脚。
运用：Many young adults are big spenders. 许多年轻人花钱大手大脚。
例2：1949 witnessed the liberation of China.
运用：The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of the web.
中国人写英文句子多喜欢用第一人称开头，写作文时候开头也缺乏变化。所以平时在超精读时仔细研究文章中的句子是如何开头是很有必要的。
例3：He got off the plane. Reporters surrounded him. 这两个句子没有语法问题，但放在一起就显得缺乏连贯性。如果改成He got off the plane and was surrounded by reporters 或者He got off the plane. And he was surrounded by reporters 就可以了。所以平时要多研究英文句子是如何衔接的。
例4：2002年6月六级阅读第二篇
(29) Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. ……
以上是某一段第一句话，请注意also衔接两段的作用。
29. The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness __________.
[定位与替换] 本题询问作者是如何批评妇女对瘦的着迷的。由关键词obsession with thinness定位到第五段第一句。但该句只给出了部分答案。注意also这个词，表明人们对瘦的迷恋还有原因，应该在上面一段。 第四段说瘦现在被认为是新的优点的标志。带来的结果是肥胖被认为是不好的，因为肥胖意味着缺乏精神力量。整个社会以瘦为美，作者对人们迷恋瘦是因为社会风气使然，这是从社会的角度。第五段第一句的话说，我们对瘦的迷恋部分原因是我们对健康的关注另外，从文中可以看出作者是从医学的观点来说明疾病不一定是和体重有关，太迷恋瘦也有可能造成对健康的损害。所以本题应该选B) from sociological and medical points of view从社会学和医学的角度。解答本题需要整合两段内容，并具有概括能力。
例5：2001年6月四级第四篇
We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline(衰退)when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
第一段中有三个句型可以在图表作文中应用：
1. instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity.
我们可以这样模仿：the mobile phone has grown rapidly in popularity.
2. sales leveled off.
或者也可以这样说:sales remained constant / steady / stable / much the same
3. sales went into a slight decline.
或者也可以这样说: sales declined slightly / 如果下降幅度大可以说sales declined dramatically / substantially / sharply / greatly / hugely.
我们可以从词汇的同义词、反义词，同根词、相关性等等角度进行扩展，让你的词汇形成一个网络，而不是孤立的个体。
4.正确识别代词与抽象名词的指代
如果无法正确识别指代，读者就无法把句子和句子连接成具有连贯意义的整体，就无法把握作者的思路延展。
例1：2003年6月六级阅读理解第三篇
(32)Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. (This = the tremendous increase in the number of pupils.) In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of he legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when hat age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school. (本文是一篇人文类的议论文，讨论的主要对象public education在第一句话中就提到，属于开门见山类的文章。 第一段讲了公立学校面临的主要困难是学生数量的巨大增长，以及增长的原因。)
32. What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?
[定位与替换] 本题问学生数量增长的原因是什么？为典型的因果关系考点。问题指向原文第一段第一句，公立学校面临的主要问题是学生数量的增长。接着讲了两个原因(This has been caused by …)：合法就业年龄的提高(也就是在一定年龄以下不能就业)和达到合法年龄后无法找到工作。所以选B) Raising of the legal age for going to work. 合法工作年龄的提高。
[干扰项分析] A) The requirement of educated workers by business. 企业对受过教育的工人的要求。文中没有提到，属于无中生有。C) The trend toward a shorter workday. 工作时间缩短的趋势。此为第二段第一句的内容，但偏离了考点。D) People’s concern for the future of the next generation. 人们对下一代的未来的关心。文中也没有提到，属于无中生有。
如果无法正确识别文章中This 的指代，解题就会遇到困难。现在的四六级考研英语命题者，喜欢从指代处出题。
例2：2002年6月阅读第一篇：
Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it. (some scientists argue为插入语，第一个it指代the human history，第二个it指代global climate change)
第三步：总结文章中的好的短句、长难句、考点句；总结文章中句子如何开头，句子之间的关系、衔接，段落之间的衔接，并记忆和运用可以在作文中使用的句型。
例1：He is a big spender. 他花钱大手大脚。
运用：Many young adults are big spenders. 许多年轻人花钱大手大脚。
例2：1949 witnessed the liberation of China.
运用：The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of the web.
中国人写英文句子多喜欢用第一人称开头，写作文时候开头也缺乏变化。所以平时在超精读时仔细研究文章中的句子是如何开头是很有必要的。
例3：He got off the plane. Reporters surrounded him. 这两个句子没有语法问题，但放在一起就显得缺乏连贯性。如果改成He got off the plane and was surrounded by reporters 或者He got off the plane. And he was surrounded by reporters 就可以了。所以平时要多研究英文句子是如何衔接的。
例4：2002年6月六级阅读第二篇
(29) Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. ……
以上是某一段第一句话，请注意also衔接两段的作用。
29. The author criticizes women’s obsession with thinness __________.
[定位与替换] 本题询问作者是如何批评妇女对瘦的着迷的。由关键词obsession with thinness定位到第五段第一句。但该句只给出了部分答案。注意also这个词，表明人们对瘦的迷恋还有原因，应该在上面一段。 第四段说瘦现在被认为是新的优点的标志。带来的结果是肥胖被认为是不好的，因为肥胖意味着缺乏精神力量。整个社会以瘦为美，作者对人们迷恋瘦是因为社会风气使然，这是从社会的角度。第五段第一句的话说，我们对瘦的迷恋部分原因是我们对健康的关注另外，从文中可以看出作者是从医学的观点来说明疾病不一定是和体重有关，太迷恋瘦也有可能造成对健康的损害。所以本题应该选B) from sociological and medical points of view从社会学和医学的角度。解答本题需要整合两段内容，并具有概括能力。
例5：2001年6月四级第四篇
We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline(衰退)when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
第一段中有三个句型可以在图表作文中应用：
1. instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity.
我们可以这样模仿：the mobile phone has grown rapidly in popularity.
2. sales leveled off.
或者也可以这样说:sales remained constant / steady / stable / much the same
3. sales went into a slight decline.
或者也可以这样说: sales declined slightly / 如果下降幅度大可以说sales declined dramatically / substantially / sharply / greatly / hugely.
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