英语六级考试高分得主经验谈：阅读理解(6)

　　作者的观点、态度题 　　作者往往并不直接表明自己对某一事物或观点的态度和倾向，有时通过全文的叙述，有时可通过作者的用词(尤其是形容词和副词)，推断作者的语气。常见的提问方式有：

　　What is the author's opinion?

　　How does the author feel about...?

　　Which of the following can best describe the style of the

　　passage?

　　要做对这类题，必须做到正确理解作者真正的观点，同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度，弄清作者写这篇文章的目的是什么，作者的态度是肯定还是否定，以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等等。同时还必须体会作者的用词和其他修饰手段，例如比喻和讽刺。在读文章的时候要注意勾画出表示作者态度的一些词语，比如sure，satisfaction，magnanimous，还有一些带有消极意义的词，比如ruffled，stingy等。

　　例如：

　　The deliberate violation of constituted law (civil disobedience )is never morally justified if the law being violated is not the prime target or focal point of the protest. While our government maintains the principle of the Constitution by providing methods for and protection of those engaged in individual or group dissent, the violation of law simply as a technique of demonstration constitutes rebellion.

　　Civil disobedience is by definition a violation of the law. The theory of civil disobedience recognizes that its actions, regardless of their justification, must be punished. However, disobedience of laws not the subject of dissent, but merely used to dramatize dissent, is regarded as morally as well as legally unacceptable. It is only with respect to those laws which offend the fundamental values of human life that moral defense of civil disobedience can be rationally supported.

　　For a just society to exist, the principle of tolerance must be accepted, both by the government in regard to properly expressed individual dissent and by the individual toward legally established majority verdicts. No individual has a monopoly on freedom and all must tolerate opposition. Dissenters must accept dissent from their dissent, diving it all the respect they claim for themselves. To disregard this principle is to make civil disobedience not only legally wrong but morally unjustifiable.

　　Q: According to the author,

　　A) the principle of tolerance must be accepted by both parties

　　B)civil disobedience cannot be accepted in a just society

　　C)in a just society, no individual tolerate opposition

　　D) many authorities respect dissent as necessary to the 　　词汇题 　　词汇题在很大程度上是根据上下文推测词义的正确理解。常见的提问方式有：

　　The word“…”means——.

　　By“…”the author means_______.

　　对于生词、难词，作者一定会在上下文中进行解释、说明或者用一个比较简单的词重复该词，因此这类题并不难做。如：1 would like your candid opinion。direct and truthful.direct和truthful都是对candid的重复说明，可以推断candid是坦诚的意思。又如：Tom is quite talkative.whereas his sister remains reticent all the time.whereas表示转折，因此可以得出reticent是talkative的反义词，“沉默寡言”之意。

　　而对于熟词僻义的考题，应该推敲上下文，领会其意思，对本文做适当的引伸;有一个小技巧就是排除该单词常见意义的选项，即对其不予考虑。

　　例如：

　　The lorry had been ordered to arrive at the rest- house at seven- thirty for loading, and by eight - thirty we thought we should be well on the road. It was very apparent that we were new to Africa. At ten o’ clock we were pacing round and round our mountain of luggage on the veranda, cursing and fuming impatiently, scanning the road for the truant lorry. At eleven o’ clock a cloud of dust appeared on the horizon and in its midst，like a beetle in a whirlwind。was the lorry.It screeched to a halt below，and the driver dismounted.

　　Q1.Pacing means_______.

　　A)running B)walking impatiently

　　C)counting our steps D)sitting

　　本题正确答案是B)。文章开头谈到车子未按预定时间到达这一事实，作者使用了should be这样的虚拟语气，说明了作者初来乍到，加上大堆行李，因此等得极不耐烦。在这一语境下，B)项的意义更确切。

　　Q2：Fuming means_______.

　　A)angry B)smoking

　　C)waiting D)laughing

　　本题正确答案是A)。由上文提示，等车等得不耐烦而导致生气发怒，由此推断，“fuming"的意思是“发怒的，生气的”意思。

　　Q3：Scanning means______。

　　A)walking along B)standing beside

　　C)blaming D)looking at every part of

　　从这句话的上文和"scan for the lorry"这一短语可以判断他们是在张望要等的货车，故本题正确答案是D)。

　　Q4：Truant means_______.

　　A)that hadn’t turned up B)broken—down

　　C)old-fashioned D)dig

　　本题正确答案是A)。上文谈到由于车子没按预定时间到达而使他们长时间地等候，由此可推断，“truant"意思是“还没出现的”。

　　Q5：Screeched to a halt means_______.

　　A)crashed B)stopped slowIy

　　C)stopped with a loud noise D)drove up to the door

　　本题正确答案是C)。要知道这一短语的意思，就要弄清"screech"一词的意思。联系此句的上下文可判断，车子尖叫着停了下来，此处是指突然刹车发出的声音。

　　Q6：Dismounted means________.

　　A)got out B)took the engine to pieces

　　C)opened the door D)drove away again

　　本题正确答案是A)。上文已说明车停了，这一线索和该词前缀dis(意为away)都给了我们猜测该词义的提示。

　　词汇题还包括了关于“it、they、one、that”等常见代词的指代问题的题目。在六级里，无论代词指代的是名词还是句子，都会包含名词在内，因此做这类题有一个小技巧就是找名词，在it的前面一个句子里面去找最近的那一个名词。比如：As families move away from their stable community，the informal flow of information is cut off。and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable.

　　这里距it最近的名词是the informal flow of information，可以知道it指代的句子一定与信息流动有关，而只有正确答案the breakdown of informal information channels中间包含非正式信息流的意思。