英语六级考试高分得主经验谈：阅读理解(4)

　　阅读文章的段落结构 　　一般来说，每一类文体或每一位作者都遵循着大体一致的组织原则。了解这些原则就可以加深对文章的理解和加快阅读速度。而文章是由段落组成的，因此，理解文章应从理解每一段的段落结构开始。因为六级阅读的篇章不长，因此理解段落的结构对做六级阅读有很大的作用，可以快速地找到中心思想和具体的事实与细节。一般有以下几种结构：

　　一、时间顺序

　　事件的发生、发展过程都是有时间的。在头脑中有了一个明确的时间顺序，也就是事件的连续性，有助于快速地理解和抓住中心思想。例如：

　　A small, hand - propelled German submarine , the Brand-taucher, sank in 1851 in sixty feet of water , with her captain ,Wilhelm Bauer, and two crew members aboard. Her hull immediately began to collapse under the pressure of the sea. CaptainBauer , who had built the tiny craft, knew that if he could keep his two companions from panicking while allowing the water to rise steadily inside her , the interior and exterior pressure would equalize and they would be able to open the hatch and got out. They did.

　　二、地点顺序

　　一切事件的发生、发展过程都有不同的地点，把这些地点联系起来，同样有助于快速地抓住中心思想，找到具体的事实与细节。

　　三、事件的重要性的顺序

　　有些段落的细节构成常常是次要的放在前面，重要的放在最后。了解重要性的先后次序同样有助于我们快速地找到并抓住中心思想。

　　四、对比法

　　文章中为了描述一种不熟悉的事物或观念，常常把它们与我们所熟悉的事物或观念想对比，或者把过去的事物与现在的事物相对比。如果熟悉作者的这种笔法，有助于使我们快速地捕捉到中心意思和具体细节。下面的例子中，有三个方面进行了比较：

　　While there are many differences between high school and college , I'd have to say that the most important ones all involve freedom. Everyone has to attend high school , at least until tenth grade , so very often you find classes where the students aren't serious about learning. College is exactly the opposite. People are there voluntarily because they want to learn and improve themselves. As a result college students are much more serious and interested. Another major difference is that colleges don' t enforce arbitrary rules. In high school you need a pass to be in the hallway during class, and you can' t leave a classroom without permission. On the other hand , college students can go where they please.