2010年英语四六级阅读100篇(58)

Vocabulary
　　1. Arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程式
　　2. Arrhennius (Svante August) 1859——1927 瑞典理化学家。1903年获诺贝尔化 学奖
　　3. quantum-mechanical effect 量子机械效应
　　4. quantum mechanic 量子力学
　　5. tunnel 挖隧道。这里指贯穿势垒
　　6. tunnel through, onto 穿到……进到，贯穿
　　7. repulsive 排斥
　　8. activation energy 活化能量
　　9. formaldehyde 甲醛
　　10. polysaccharide 多糖醇，聚合酶
　　11. cellulose 纤维素
　　12. starch 淀粉
　　13. galactic 银河的，巨大的
　　14. come into play 开始活动/起作用
　　难句译注
　　1. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry.
　　2. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.
　　3. Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.
　　写作方法与文章大意
　　文章论述了“贯穿势垒效应”，采用对比手法。先是经典化学定理和贯穿势垒效应之比较。说明两者使用的温度界限不同。低温时贯穿势垒效应作用取代经典力学。最后贯穿势垒现象和生活领域之关系。