英语六级阅读暑期每日一练(20)

1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. Y

5. a member of the human species

6. male people only

7. a singular pronoun

8. men only

9. the incorrect grammar

10. the plural

解析：

1.根据“‘Man’”部分第一段“Man once was a truly generic word referring to all humans，but has gradually narrowed in meaning to become a word that refers to adult male human beings. Anglo-Saxons used the word to refer to all people. One example of this occurs when an Anglo- Saxon writer refers to a seventh-century English princess as‘a wonderful man.’”可见，“man”这个词最初是泛指所有人的，到了17世纪还有作家把公主描述成“a wonderful man.”。故此句判断为YES。

2.由“‘Man’”部分第二段中的“By the 18th century，the modern，narrow sense of man was firmly established as the predominant one...Jefferson had to be using the word men in its principal sense of“males，”and it probably never occurred to him that anyone would think otherwise.”可知到了18世纪“man”这个词已经狭义指男性了。接著作者举了两个例子。第二个例子是杰斐逊的《独立宣言》。由于当时女性没有选举权，杰斐逊所用的“man”是专指男性的。故此句判断为NO。

3.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第二段最后一句“In 1879，for example，a move to admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was effectively blocked on the grounds that the society's by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he.”可知拒绝女医生加入协会的原因是该协会的细则在描述其成员时用的是代词“he”。因此;原文只是说明了拒绝接纳女成员的原因，并没有提及多少人被拒之门外。故信息不充分。此句判断为NOT GIVEN。

4.根据“The Pronoun Problem”部分第一段第一、二句“The first grammars of modern English were written in the 16th and 17th centuries.They were mainly，intended to help boys from upper class families prepare for the study of Latin，a language most scholars considered superior to English.”可知现代英语的语法最初写于16、17世纪，是为了上流社会家庭的男孩于学习拉丁语而写的。故此句判断为YES。

5.由“‘Man’”部分第一段第三句“Man paralleled the Latin word homo，‘a member of the human species，’not vir，‘an adult male of the species.’”。可知此题正确答案为“a member of the human species”。

6.由“‘Man’”部分第二段倒数第二句“Studies of college students and school children indicate that even when the broad definitions of‘man’and‘men’are taught, they tend to conjure up images of male people only.”可见即使教学生了解了这两个词的广义含义是指泛指人，他们仍然还是只想到男性.故本题正确答案为“male people only。”

7.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第二段第一句“‘He’started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarians who were trying to change a long-established tradition of using ‘they’as a singular pronoun.”可知语法学家用“he”来作泛指代词是试图改变用“they”来作单数代词的传统。故此题正确答案为“a singular pronoun”。

8.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第三段第二句“Studies have confirmed that most people understand‘he’to refer to men only.”可见人们看到代词“he”想到的只是男性。故此题答案为“men only”。

9.由“Solving the Pronoun Problem”部分第一段中的“Most people，when writing and speaking informally，rely on singular they as a matter of course...Some people are annoyed by the incorrect grammar that this solution necessitates，but this construction is used more and more frequently.”可见人们经常把“they”用作单数代词来解决代词的性别歧视问题。尽管有人认为这种用法不合语法，但它的使用频率越来越高。故本题的正确答案是“the incorrect grammar”。

10.由“Solving the Pronoun Problem”部分第三段中的“Pluralizing—A writer can often recast material in the plural.For Instance，instead of‘As he advances in his program，the medical student has increasing opportunities for clinical work，’try‘As they advance in their program，medical students have increasing opportunities for clinical work.’”可见避免代词的性别歧视的另一个方法是用复数替代单数。故此句正确答案为“the plural"。