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1995年6月大学英语六级真题
2007-10-16来源:
Part I Listening comprehension (20 minutes)
section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
1. A) Enjoyable. B) Inspiring. C) Moving. D) Dull.
2. A) It will take about one month to repair the watch.
B) The woman should have saved more money.
C) It is a good idea to keep the old watch.
D) The watch is no longer worth repairing.
3. A) Arguing. B) Protesting. C) complaning. D) Bargaining.
4. A) Families with cars B) American's heavy dependence on cars.
C) Roads and highways. D) Traffic problems in America.
5. A) The apples and pears might not be so good.
B) The apples are not as good as the pears.
C) The apples and pears are very good.
D) The apples and pears are as good as they look.
6. A) Her teaching assistant would grade the exam papers.
B) She would collect the exam papers herself.
C) She would mark the exam papers herself.
D) She would not give her students an exam.
7. A) She could help him with the problems. B) He should go out for a while.
C) She could go out together with him. D) He should do the problems himself.
8. A) Customer and salesman. B) Colleagues,
C) Employee and boss D) Classmates.
9. A) The first house they saw is too expensive.
B) They may save some money for the time being.
C) She is happy with the price set by the seller.
D) Less money will be spent in maintaining the house.
10. A) N was probably Mr. Brown' s phone number that the woman wrote down.
B) It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.
C) The woman forgot to write down the phone number.
D) The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of passage , you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once . After you hear question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Because they were driven by steam power.
B) Because they did the work that animals used to do.
C) Because they pulled cars full of coal.
D) Because they were made of iron.
12. A) He wanted the railroad to the successful.
B) He wanted to have a more powerful steam engine.
C) He wanted to own the land near the railroad.
D) He wanted to build his own railroads.
13. A) Because the train could not run as fast as the horse.
B) Because the engine failed to build up steam.
C) Because the engine broke down and the train stopped.
D) Because the engine broke into several parts.
Passage Two
Question 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) Love B) conflict. C) Violence. D) Mystery.
15. A) The main character remains the same. B) The main character dies in the end.
C) The main character gains his ends. D) The main character undergoes a change.
16. A) We can learn how bad persons can improve themselves.
B) We can learn how to deal with people.
C) We can understand life a little better.
D) We can find better ways to cope with conflicts.
Passage Three
Question 17 to 20 are be on the passage you have just heard
17. A) Because both have a limited supply of air, water, and other resources.
B) Because the Earth moves around the sun as fast as a spaceship.
C) Because we can travel to outer space.
D) Because the Earth never stops moving.
18. A) About 80 miles per second. B) About 70 miles per second.
C) About 18 miles p0er second. D) About 17 miles per second.
19 . A) Because the Earth is heavily polluted.
B) Because nature cannot recycle its resources.
C) Because there are more and more people living on the Earth.
D) Because no more new resources can be added.
20 . A) Nature has changed our environment over the years.
B) We must avoid wasting resources and polluting our environment.
C) Our resources are nearly used up.
D) Trips to other planets will help eliminate pollution.
Part N Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Direction : There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements - For each of them there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D ) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we' re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can' t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers-all these are being challenged.
We have only to look behind [Js to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip , would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow' s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.
21 . A characteristic of the information age is that _______.
A) the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force
B) manufacturing industries are steadily increasing
C) people find it harder to earn a living by working in factories
D) most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry
22. One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _______.
A) the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant
B) people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true
C) most people have to take part-time jobs
D) people have to change their jobs from time to time
23. By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that _______.
A) people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technology
B) future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changes
C) the importance of high technology has been overlooked
D) computer science will play a leading role in the future information services
24 . The future will probably belong to those who _______.
A) possess and know how to make use of information
B) give full play to their brain potential
C) involve themselves in service industries
D) cast their minds ahead instead of looking back
25 . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A) Computers and the Knowledge Society .
B) Service industries in Modern Society.
C) Features and Implications of the New Era.
D) Rapid Advancement of information Technology
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants . Bui in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.
Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.
Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.
All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though the rise. of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.
This is true even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.
The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, bot the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.
26 . The word "liability" (Para. 1) most probably means "______" .
A) misfortune B) instability C) disadvantage D) burden
27 . In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ______.
A) reinforces the feminine qualities required B) makes women look more honest and capable
C) is of primary importance to women D) often enables women to succeed quickly
28 . Bowman's experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ______.
A) turns out to be an obstacle
B) affects men and women alike
C) has as little effect on men as on women
D) is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women
29 . It can be inferred from the passage that people' s views on beauty are often ______.
A) practical B) prejudiced C) old-fashioned D) radical
30 . The author writes this passage to.
A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B) give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C) demand equal rights for women .
D) emphasize the importance of appearance
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, n seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other from of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of its have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.
31 . The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.
A) generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism
B) importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing
C) concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing
D) personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews
32. Much research has been done on interviews in general ______.
A) so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened
B) though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attention
C) but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected
D) and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing
33 . Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ______.
A) but most of them wish to stay away from it
B) and many of them hope to be interviewed some day
C) and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it
D) bot most of them may not have been interviewed in person
34 . Who is the interviewee in a clinical interviews?
A) The patient. B) The physician.
C) The journalist. D) The psychologist
35 . The passage is most likely a part of ________.
A) a news article B) a journalistic interview
C) a research report D) a preface
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The relationship between the home and market economies had gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e. g. cloth-making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon the more important second stage was evident --the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care) . In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home such as in nursing the sick, became axially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful) . Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.
36 . The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that _________.
A) it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
B) they depended on electricity available only to the market economy
C) it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home
D) the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage _________.
A) some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy
B) the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy
C) producing traditional foods at home became socially never produced by the home economy
D) whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant
38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace _________.
A) as wage earners B) both as manufacturers and consumers
C) both as workers and purchasers D) as customers
39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because _________.
A) the family was not efficient in production
B) n was illegal for the home economy to produce them
C) it could not supply them by itself
D) the market for these goods and services was limited
40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage _________.
A) the family could rely either on the home economy or the marketplace for the needed goods and services.
B) many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace
C) consumers relied more and more on the market economy
D) the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
Part III Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this pert . For each sentence there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D ) . Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
41 . Sometimes, very young children have trouble _______fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
A) for separating B) to separate .
C) having separated D) separating
42 . The second book was _______ by August 1952, but two years later, the end was still nowhere in sight.
A) completed B) to have completed
C) to complete D) to have been completed
43. Whatever the causes, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written than any other language _______.
A) ever was B) had ever been
C) has ever been D) would ever be
44 . In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night and asked to report what they _______.
A) had just been dreaming B) have just been dreaming
C) are just dreaming D) had just dreamt
45 . It is of the utmost importance that you _______here on time.
A) be B) shall be C) are to be D) must be
46. He might have been killed _______ the arrival of the police.
A) except for B) but for C) with D) for
47 . These figures are not consistent _______ the results obtained in previous experiments.
A) to B) with B) for D) in
48 . The animal has a brain which is nearest _______.
A) in man's size B) in size to man
C) in size to man's D) to the size in man
49 . The problem of _______ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.
A) what B) whom C) which D) how
50 . Britain's press is unusual _______it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
A) in how B)in what C)in which D)in that
51. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure _______.
A) than more on efficiency B)and more efficiency
C) and more on efficiency D)than efficiency
52. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerable more than _______.
A) he was in good health B) his health was good
C) his good health D) was good for his health
53. All the parts of this washing machine are _______, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A) normalized B)modernized C)mechanized D)standardized
54. I was _______ by their kindness and moved to tears.
A)preoccupied B)embarrassed C)overwhelmed D) counselled
55. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to _______dreams were likely to be highly respected.
A)interpret B)intervene C) inherit D)impart
56. The person who _______ this type of research deserves our praise.
A)originated B) manufactured C)generated D)estimated
57. All students in this university are requested to _______ with the regulations.
A) yield B)comply C)submit D)consent
58. My boss has always attended to the _______ of important business himself.
A) transaction B)stimulation C)transition D) solution
59. When he applied for a _______in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.
A) location B)profession C)career D) position
60. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _______ .
A) consciousness B)impulse C) instinct D)response
61. There's a whole _______ of bills waiting to be paid.
A) stock B)stack C) number D) sequence
62 . To be an inventor, one needs profound knowledge as well as a very_______ imagination.
A) vivid B) bright C) living D) colorful
63 . In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom _______, schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.
A) compelling B) forced C) obliged D) compulsory
64 . It is a common theme in many fiction stories that the world may one day be _______by insects.
A) broken in B) run over C) taken over D) filled in
65 . A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _______conditions or events.
A) in response to B) in favour of
C) in contrast to D) in excess of
66. David likes country life and had decided to _______ farming.
A) get along with B) get back on
C) set hold of D) go in for
67 .We are _______ faced with the necessity recognize that more people implies a lower standard of living.
A) readily B) smoothly C) inevitably D) deliberately
68 . Some people criticize family doctors for _______too many medicines for minor illnesses.
A) prescribing B) ordering C) advising D) delivering
69 . Communication is the process of _______a message from a source to an audience via a channel.
A) transmitting B) submitting C) transforming D) switching
70 . Dogs are often praised for their _______; they almost never abandon their masters.
A) faith B) loyalty C) trust D) truthfulness
Part IV Error Correction ( 15 minutes)
Directions: This pert consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes , one in each numbered line .You may haw to change a word , add a word or delete a word . If you change a word , cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank . If you add a word , put an insertion mark (∧) in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank . If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank .
Example :
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our per/iods. Many of 1 . time
the arguments __having__ used for the study of literature as a school 2 . /
subject are valid for study of television.
If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold.
It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. 71. _____
In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound, between 72. _____
sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source
of voice from care, buses, and trucks Your can pass any factory or 73. _____
construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears 74. _____
ringing. Music is played in every supermarket, most restaurants, and 75 . _____
many offices . Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. 76 . _____
Noise pollution is the new side effect of our technological
age. Day or night sound of the work fills the air. It seems 77. _____
that the smoothing effects of silence nowhere to be found.
Even the quite of our careful protected wilderness areas can be 78. _____
invaded at any moment by a passed jet. 79 . _____
We are learning, finally, that silence is a natural resource and
must be protected by law. It appears that that we all find company in
sound, if we all demand a little quite from time to time.
Part V Pa Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions : For this part , you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should write at least 120 words and you should abase your composition on the outline ( given in
Chinese ) below :
1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事,为什么?
2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事,为什么?
3. 我的看法.
(Suggested key words: firecrackers鞭炮, set off/let off放鞭炮)
Remember to write your composition neatly.
Should Firecrackers Be Banned? Part I (略)
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C
26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D
36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A
Part III Vocabulary and Structure
41. D 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A
46. B 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. D
51. C 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. A
56. A 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. C
61. B 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. A
66. D 67. C 68. A 69. A 70. B
Part IV Error Correction
71. progresses -> progress
72. rooms sound -> rooms with sound
73. voice -> noise(s)
74. their -> its或the
75. ringing -> ring
76. by -> for
77. 去掉work前面的the
78. careful -> carefully
79. passed -> passing
80. if -> but或 though 或although
Part V Writing
略
section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
1. A) Enjoyable. B) Inspiring. C) Moving. D) Dull.
2. A) It will take about one month to repair the watch.
B) The woman should have saved more money.
C) It is a good idea to keep the old watch.
D) The watch is no longer worth repairing.
3. A) Arguing. B) Protesting. C) complaning. D) Bargaining.
4. A) Families with cars B) American's heavy dependence on cars.
C) Roads and highways. D) Traffic problems in America.
5. A) The apples and pears might not be so good.
B) The apples are not as good as the pears.
C) The apples and pears are very good.
D) The apples and pears are as good as they look.
6. A) Her teaching assistant would grade the exam papers.
B) She would collect the exam papers herself.
C) She would mark the exam papers herself.
D) She would not give her students an exam.
7. A) She could help him with the problems. B) He should go out for a while.
C) She could go out together with him. D) He should do the problems himself.
8. A) Customer and salesman. B) Colleagues,
C) Employee and boss D) Classmates.
9. A) The first house they saw is too expensive.
B) They may save some money for the time being.
C) She is happy with the price set by the seller.
D) Less money will be spent in maintaining the house.
10. A) N was probably Mr. Brown' s phone number that the woman wrote down.
B) It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.
C) The woman forgot to write down the phone number.
D) The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of passage , you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once . After you hear question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Because they were driven by steam power.
B) Because they did the work that animals used to do.
C) Because they pulled cars full of coal.
D) Because they were made of iron.
12. A) He wanted the railroad to the successful.
B) He wanted to have a more powerful steam engine.
C) He wanted to own the land near the railroad.
D) He wanted to build his own railroads.
13. A) Because the train could not run as fast as the horse.
B) Because the engine failed to build up steam.
C) Because the engine broke down and the train stopped.
D) Because the engine broke into several parts.
Passage Two
Question 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) Love B) conflict. C) Violence. D) Mystery.
15. A) The main character remains the same. B) The main character dies in the end.
C) The main character gains his ends. D) The main character undergoes a change.
16. A) We can learn how bad persons can improve themselves.
B) We can learn how to deal with people.
C) We can understand life a little better.
D) We can find better ways to cope with conflicts.
Passage Three
Question 17 to 20 are be on the passage you have just heard
17. A) Because both have a limited supply of air, water, and other resources.
B) Because the Earth moves around the sun as fast as a spaceship.
C) Because we can travel to outer space.
D) Because the Earth never stops moving.
18. A) About 80 miles per second. B) About 70 miles per second.
C) About 18 miles p0er second. D) About 17 miles per second.
19 . A) Because the Earth is heavily polluted.
B) Because nature cannot recycle its resources.
C) Because there are more and more people living on the Earth.
D) Because no more new resources can be added.
20 . A) Nature has changed our environment over the years.
B) We must avoid wasting resources and polluting our environment.
C) Our resources are nearly used up.
D) Trips to other planets will help eliminate pollution.
Part N Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Direction : There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements - For each of them there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D ) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we' re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can' t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers-all these are being challenged.
We have only to look behind [Js to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip , would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow' s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.
21 . A characteristic of the information age is that _______.
A) the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force
B) manufacturing industries are steadily increasing
C) people find it harder to earn a living by working in factories
D) most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry
22. One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _______.
A) the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant
B) people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true
C) most people have to take part-time jobs
D) people have to change their jobs from time to time
23. By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that _______.
A) people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technology
B) future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changes
C) the importance of high technology has been overlooked
D) computer science will play a leading role in the future information services
24 . The future will probably belong to those who _______.
A) possess and know how to make use of information
B) give full play to their brain potential
C) involve themselves in service industries
D) cast their minds ahead instead of looking back
25 . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A) Computers and the Knowledge Society .
B) Service industries in Modern Society.
C) Features and Implications of the New Era.
D) Rapid Advancement of information Technology
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants . Bui in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.
Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.
Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.
All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though the rise. of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required.
This is true even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.
The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, bot the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.
26 . The word "liability" (Para. 1) most probably means "______" .
A) misfortune B) instability C) disadvantage D) burden
27 . In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ______.
A) reinforces the feminine qualities required B) makes women look more honest and capable
C) is of primary importance to women D) often enables women to succeed quickly
28 . Bowman's experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ______.
A) turns out to be an obstacle
B) affects men and women alike
C) has as little effect on men as on women
D) is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women
29 . It can be inferred from the passage that people' s views on beauty are often ______.
A) practical B) prejudiced C) old-fashioned D) radical
30 . The author writes this passage to.
A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
B) give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
C) demand equal rights for women .
D) emphasize the importance of appearance
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, n seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other from of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of its have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.
31 . The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.
A) generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism
B) importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing
C) concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing
D) personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews
32. Much research has been done on interviews in general ______.
A) so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened
B) though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attention
C) but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected
D) and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing
33 . Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ______.
A) but most of them wish to stay away from it
B) and many of them hope to be interviewed some day
C) and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it
D) bot most of them may not have been interviewed in person
34 . Who is the interviewee in a clinical interviews?
A) The patient. B) The physician.
C) The journalist. D) The psychologist
35 . The passage is most likely a part of ________.
A) a news article B) a journalistic interview
C) a research report D) a preface
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The relationship between the home and market economies had gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e. g. cloth-making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon the more important second stage was evident --the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care) . In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home such as in nursing the sick, became axially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful) . Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.
36 . The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that _________.
A) it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
B) they depended on electricity available only to the market economy
C) it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home
D) the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage _________.
A) some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy
B) the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy
C) producing traditional foods at home became socially never produced by the home economy
D) whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant
38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace _________.
A) as wage earners B) both as manufacturers and consumers
C) both as workers and purchasers D) as customers
39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because _________.
A) the family was not efficient in production
B) n was illegal for the home economy to produce them
C) it could not supply them by itself
D) the market for these goods and services was limited
40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage _________.
A) the family could rely either on the home economy or the marketplace for the needed goods and services.
B) many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace
C) consumers relied more and more on the market economy
D) the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
Part III Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this pert . For each sentence there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D ) . Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre .
41 . Sometimes, very young children have trouble _______fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
A) for separating B) to separate .
C) having separated D) separating
42 . The second book was _______ by August 1952, but two years later, the end was still nowhere in sight.
A) completed B) to have completed
C) to complete D) to have been completed
43. Whatever the causes, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written than any other language _______.
A) ever was B) had ever been
C) has ever been D) would ever be
44 . In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night and asked to report what they _______.
A) had just been dreaming B) have just been dreaming
C) are just dreaming D) had just dreamt
45 . It is of the utmost importance that you _______here on time.
A) be B) shall be C) are to be D) must be
46. He might have been killed _______ the arrival of the police.
A) except for B) but for C) with D) for
47 . These figures are not consistent _______ the results obtained in previous experiments.
A) to B) with B) for D) in
48 . The animal has a brain which is nearest _______.
A) in man's size B) in size to man
C) in size to man's D) to the size in man
49 . The problem of _______ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.
A) what B) whom C) which D) how
50 . Britain's press is unusual _______it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
A) in how B)in what C)in which D)in that
51. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure _______.
A) than more on efficiency B)and more efficiency
C) and more on efficiency D)than efficiency
52. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerable more than _______.
A) he was in good health B) his health was good
C) his good health D) was good for his health
53. All the parts of this washing machine are _______, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A) normalized B)modernized C)mechanized D)standardized
54. I was _______ by their kindness and moved to tears.
A)preoccupied B)embarrassed C)overwhelmed D) counselled
55. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to _______dreams were likely to be highly respected.
A)interpret B)intervene C) inherit D)impart
56. The person who _______ this type of research deserves our praise.
A)originated B) manufactured C)generated D)estimated
57. All students in this university are requested to _______ with the regulations.
A) yield B)comply C)submit D)consent
58. My boss has always attended to the _______ of important business himself.
A) transaction B)stimulation C)transition D) solution
59. When he applied for a _______in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.
A) location B)profession C)career D) position
60. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _______ .
A) consciousness B)impulse C) instinct D)response
61. There's a whole _______ of bills waiting to be paid.
A) stock B)stack C) number D) sequence
62 . To be an inventor, one needs profound knowledge as well as a very_______ imagination.
A) vivid B) bright C) living D) colorful
63 . In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom _______, schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.
A) compelling B) forced C) obliged D) compulsory
64 . It is a common theme in many fiction stories that the world may one day be _______by insects.
A) broken in B) run over C) taken over D) filled in
65 . A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _______conditions or events.
A) in response to B) in favour of
C) in contrast to D) in excess of
66. David likes country life and had decided to _______ farming.
A) get along with B) get back on
C) set hold of D) go in for
67 .We are _______ faced with the necessity recognize that more people implies a lower standard of living.
A) readily B) smoothly C) inevitably D) deliberately
68 . Some people criticize family doctors for _______too many medicines for minor illnesses.
A) prescribing B) ordering C) advising D) delivering
69 . Communication is the process of _______a message from a source to an audience via a channel.
A) transmitting B) submitting C) transforming D) switching
70 . Dogs are often praised for their _______; they almost never abandon their masters.
A) faith B) loyalty C) trust D) truthfulness
Part IV Error Correction ( 15 minutes)
Directions: This pert consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes , one in each numbered line .You may haw to change a word , add a word or delete a word . If you change a word , cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank . If you add a word , put an insertion mark (∧) in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank . If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank .
Example :
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our per/iods. Many of 1 . time
the arguments __having__ used for the study of literature as a school 2 . /
subject are valid for study of television.
If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold.
It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. 71. _____
In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound, between 72. _____
sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source
of voice from care, buses, and trucks Your can pass any factory or 73. _____
construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears 74. _____
ringing. Music is played in every supermarket, most restaurants, and 75 . _____
many offices . Big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. 76 . _____
Noise pollution is the new side effect of our technological
age. Day or night sound of the work fills the air. It seems 77. _____
that the smoothing effects of silence nowhere to be found.
Even the quite of our careful protected wilderness areas can be 78. _____
invaded at any moment by a passed jet. 79 . _____
We are learning, finally, that silence is a natural resource and
must be protected by law. It appears that that we all find company in
sound, if we all demand a little quite from time to time.
Part V Pa Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions : For this part , you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should write at least 120 words and you should abase your composition on the outline ( given in
Chinese ) below :
1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事,为什么?
2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事,为什么?
3. 我的看法.
(Suggested key words: firecrackers鞭炮, set off/let off放鞭炮)
Remember to write your composition neatly.
Should Firecrackers Be Banned? Part I (略)
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C
26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D
36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A
Part III Vocabulary and Structure
41. D 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A
46. B 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. D
51. C 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. A
56. A 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. C
61. B 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. A
66. D 67. C 68. A 69. A 70. B
Part IV Error Correction
71. progresses -> progress
72. rooms sound -> rooms with sound
73. voice -> noise(s)
74. their -> its或the
75. ringing -> ring
76. by -> for
77. 去掉work前面的the
78. careful -> carefully
79. passed -> passing
80. if -> but或 though 或although
Part V Writing
略
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