名师点拨英语六级听力选择题答题方法
2011-05-30来源:新东方
一、基本解题思路
小对话：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。
视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多时，该原则可能会出现特例，如03年6月第8题。
同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。
例题：
2002年6月六级考试第4题
A. The woman doesn’t think it a problem to get her passport renewed.
B. The woman has difficulty renewing her passport.
C. The woman hasn’t renewed her passport yet.
D. The woman’s passport is still valid.
原文：
M: Have you run up against any problems in getting the passport renewed?
W: I haven’t started applying yet.
Q: What do we know from the conversation?
解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为D.其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。”valid”意为“（在一段时间内）有效的”。
例题：
2007年6月六级考试第15题
A. More money. B. Fair treatment. C. A college education. D. Shorter work hours.
原文：
W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month.
M: I hope not. I’d rather get more work hours so I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college.
Q: What does the man truly want?
解析：准确答案A。More money 替换enough bucks，同义替换，听到的慎选。
例题：
2008年12月六级考试第16题
A. Fixing some furniture. B. Repairing the toy train.
C. Reading the instructions. D. Assembling the bookcase.
原文：
M: The instructions on the package say that you need to do some assembly yourself. I’ve spent all afternoon trying in vain to put this bookcase together.
W: I know what you mean. Last time I tried to assemble a toy train for my son and I almost gave up.
Q: What does the man find difficult?
解析：准确答案D。assemble 和put...together同义替换，听到部分的慎选。
长对话和短文听力：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则
视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。
同义替换原则，同小对话。
特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词（如序数词1st，极端词most、most important、only，逻辑连接词because、since、but、however，以及自问自答的回答部分）后面很可能出现正确答案信息。
例题：
2009年6月六级考试第1道长对话：
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A. Current trends in economic development.
B. Domestic issues of general social concern.
C. Stories about Britain’s relations with other nations.
D. Conflicts and compromises among political parties.
20. A. Based on the poll of public opinions.
B. By interviewing people who file complaints.
C. By analyzing the domestic and international situation.
D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.
21. A. Underlying rules of editing.
B. Practical experience.
C. Audience’s feedback.
D. Professional qualifications.
答案：BDB
原文：
Long conversation one
W: You’re the editor of Public Eye. What kind of topics does your program cover?
M: Well, there are essentially domestic stories. We don’t cover international stories. We don’t cover party politics or economics. We do issues of general social concern （19题答案，视听基本一致原则）to our British audience. They can be anything from the future of the health service to the way the environment is going downhill.
W: How do you choose the topic? （听到choose the topic，同时看到20题选项by和based on，即可猜到20题是与这个问题关联的）Do you choose one because it’s what the public wants to know about or because it’s what you feel the public ought to know about?
M: I think it’s a mixture of both.（第20题答案，需要简单概括归纳）Sometimes you have a strong feeling that something is important and you want to see it examined and you want to contribute to a public debate. Sometimes people come to you with things they are worried about and they can be quite small things. They can be a story about corruption in local government, something they cannot quite understand, why it doesn’t seem to be working out properly, like they are not having their litter collected properly or the dustbins emptied.
W: How do you know that you’ve got a really successful program? One that is just right for the time?
M: I think you get a sense about it after working in it in a number of years（21题答案，同义替换practical experience）. You know which stories are going to get the attention. They are going to be published just the point when the public are concerned about that.
Q19-21
19. What kind of topics does Public Eye cover?
20. How does Public Eye choose its topics?
21. What factor plays an important role in running a successful program?
例题：
2009年6月六级考试第3篇短文听力第34题
34.. A. There was a bomb scare.
B. There was a terrorist attack.
C. A fire alarm was set off by mistake.
D. 50 pounds of explosives were found.
答案：A
原文：
There was another bomb scare in a large London store last night（34题答案，视听基本一致原则） during late night shopping. Following a telephone call to the police from an anonymous caller, hundreds of shoppers were shepherded out of the store while roads in the area were sealed off. Police dogs spent hours searching the store for a bag which the caller claimed contained 50 pounds of explosives. Nothing was found and the store was given the all-clear by opening time this morning. A police spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week and that we should all be on our guard.
Q34: Why did people have to leave the London store last night?
例题：
2002年12月六级考试第1篇短文听力：
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11.A. To find ways to treat human wastes.
B. To study the problems of local industries.
C. To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.
D. To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.
12.A. Serious pollution upstream.
B. Lack of oxygen.
C. Overgrowth of water plants.
D. Low water level.
13.A. They’ll be closed down.
B. They’ll be moved to other places.
C. They’re going to dismiss some of their employees.
D. They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.
14.A. Because the local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.
B. Because the local Chamber of Commerce tried preserve fishes.
C. Because there were fewer fish in the river.
D. Because over-fishing was prohibited.
答案：CBDC
原文：
There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local chamber of commerce, which represents the industry in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one year study on fishing in the Biramichi River（第11题答案，视听基本一致原则） and write a report for them. This is my report:
One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low.（第12题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意major的定位作用） Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects, but it will cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It will take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17,000 people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves.（第13题答案，视听基本一致原则）
Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing. Fishes are caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large number. The members of cooperative say that they had already reduced their annual catch by 50 percent. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch（第14题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意because的定位作用）, not because they were trying to preserve fishes.
11.What was the speaker assigned to do in the past year?
12.What is one of the problems in the Biramichi River?
13.What does the passage tell us about the factories along the river?
14.Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River reduced according to the speaker?
小对话：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。
视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多时，该原则可能会出现特例，如03年6月第8题。
同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。
例题：
2002年6月六级考试第4题
A. The woman doesn’t think it a problem to get her passport renewed.
B. The woman has difficulty renewing her passport.
C. The woman hasn’t renewed her passport yet.
D. The woman’s passport is still valid.
原文：
M: Have you run up against any problems in getting the passport renewed?
W: I haven’t started applying yet.
Q: What do we know from the conversation?
解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为D.其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。”valid”意为“（在一段时间内）有效的”。
例题：
2007年6月六级考试第15题
A. More money. B. Fair treatment. C. A college education. D. Shorter work hours.
原文：
W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month.
M: I hope not. I’d rather get more work hours so I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college.
Q: What does the man truly want?
解析：准确答案A。More money 替换enough bucks，同义替换，听到的慎选。
例题：
2008年12月六级考试第16题
A. Fixing some furniture. B. Repairing the toy train.
C. Reading the instructions. D. Assembling the bookcase.
原文：
M: The instructions on the package say that you need to do some assembly yourself. I’ve spent all afternoon trying in vain to put this bookcase together.
W: I know what you mean. Last time I tried to assemble a toy train for my son and I almost gave up.
Q: What does the man find difficult?
解析：准确答案D。assemble 和put...together同义替换，听到部分的慎选。
长对话和短文听力：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则
视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。
同义替换原则，同小对话。
特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词（如序数词1st，极端词most、most important、only，逻辑连接词because、since、but、however，以及自问自答的回答部分）后面很可能出现正确答案信息。
例题：
2009年6月六级考试第1道长对话：
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A. Current trends in economic development.
B. Domestic issues of general social concern.
C. Stories about Britain’s relations with other nations.
D. Conflicts and compromises among political parties.
20. A. Based on the poll of public opinions.
B. By interviewing people who file complaints.
C. By analyzing the domestic and international situation.
D. Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.
21. A. Underlying rules of editing.
B. Practical experience.
C. Audience’s feedback.
D. Professional qualifications.
答案：BDB
原文：
Long conversation one
W: You’re the editor of Public Eye. What kind of topics does your program cover?
M: Well, there are essentially domestic stories. We don’t cover international stories. We don’t cover party politics or economics. We do issues of general social concern （19题答案，视听基本一致原则）to our British audience. They can be anything from the future of the health service to the way the environment is going downhill.
W: How do you choose the topic? （听到choose the topic，同时看到20题选项by和based on，即可猜到20题是与这个问题关联的）Do you choose one because it’s what the public wants to know about or because it’s what you feel the public ought to know about?
M: I think it’s a mixture of both.（第20题答案，需要简单概括归纳）Sometimes you have a strong feeling that something is important and you want to see it examined and you want to contribute to a public debate. Sometimes people come to you with things they are worried about and they can be quite small things. They can be a story about corruption in local government, something they cannot quite understand, why it doesn’t seem to be working out properly, like they are not having their litter collected properly or the dustbins emptied.
W: How do you know that you’ve got a really successful program? One that is just right for the time?
M: I think you get a sense about it after working in it in a number of years（21题答案，同义替换practical experience）. You know which stories are going to get the attention. They are going to be published just the point when the public are concerned about that.
Q19-21
19. What kind of topics does Public Eye cover?
20. How does Public Eye choose its topics?
21. What factor plays an important role in running a successful program?
例题：
2009年6月六级考试第3篇短文听力第34题
34.. A. There was a bomb scare.
B. There was a terrorist attack.
C. A fire alarm was set off by mistake.
D. 50 pounds of explosives were found.
答案：A
原文：
There was another bomb scare in a large London store last night（34题答案，视听基本一致原则） during late night shopping. Following a telephone call to the police from an anonymous caller, hundreds of shoppers were shepherded out of the store while roads in the area were sealed off. Police dogs spent hours searching the store for a bag which the caller claimed contained 50 pounds of explosives. Nothing was found and the store was given the all-clear by opening time this morning. A police spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week and that we should all be on our guard.
Q34: Why did people have to leave the London store last night?
例题：
2002年12月六级考试第1篇短文听力：
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11.A. To find ways to treat human wastes.
B. To study the problems of local industries.
C. To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.
D. To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.
12.A. Serious pollution upstream.
B. Lack of oxygen.
C. Overgrowth of water plants.
D. Low water level.
13.A. They’ll be closed down.
B. They’ll be moved to other places.
C. They’re going to dismiss some of their employees.
D. They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.
14.A. Because the local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.
B. Because the local Chamber of Commerce tried preserve fishes.
C. Because there were fewer fish in the river.
D. Because over-fishing was prohibited.
答案：CBDC
原文：
There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local chamber of commerce, which represents the industry in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one year study on fishing in the Biramichi River（第11题答案，视听基本一致原则） and write a report for them. This is my report:
One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low.（第12题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意major的定位作用） Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects, but it will cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It will take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17,000 people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves.（第13题答案，视听基本一致原则）
Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing. Fishes are caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large number. The members of cooperative say that they had already reduced their annual catch by 50 percent. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch（第14题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意because的定位作用）, not because they were trying to preserve fishes.
11.What was the speaker assigned to do in the past year?
12.What is one of the problems in the Biramichi River?
13.What does the passage tell us about the factories along the river?
14.Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River reduced according to the speaker?
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