英语四级长对话听力解题技巧（上）

一、 题型透析
长对话共包含两篇对话，每篇对话的长度在250~300词之间，对话后有8道多项选择题，要求考生在听到问题后从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

从题型上看，每篇对话中可能有一个考查对话主题的试题，其余为具体细节的试题，并且问题和选项大部分都经过同义转述，即没有直接使用原对话中的句子，因此这部分试题有一定的难度。

从内容上看，一般涉及社会生活、校园生活、工作商务等方面，对话中的语言有些具有专业性，不是普通的口语词汇。

二、 3大常考场景

1. 社会生活
社会生活类题材一般是围绕某个与社会生活有关的话题来展开，一般涉及的情景包括购物、休闲、家庭生活、时尚和社会热点等。

2. 校园生活
校园生活指发生在校园内的一些话题，题材与学生的学习和生活密切相关。它涉及专业的选择、课程与教学情况、宿舍的管理、作业或论文、假期安排、学生中普遍存在的现象、师生对话或是学习中出现的问题等内容。

3. 工作商务
工作商务类题材主要涉及求职招聘、面试以及工作安排变更或工作中出现的问题等内容。而一般在听力考试中工作商务类题材的情景设置多以招聘、面试、工作安排、工作交流以及商务谈判为主。

三、 5大设题点

1. 开头处设题
如果将长对话比作一场战争，那么开头处历来是兵家必争之地。并且长对话开头部分一般会涉及谈话主题。

例1： What is the woman doing?
A) Having her bicycle repaired. C) Lecturing on business management.
B) Conducting a market survey. D) Hosting an evening TV program.

原文： W: Good evening, and welcome to this week’s Business World, the program for and about business people. Tonight, we have Mr. Steven Kayne, who has just taken over and established a bicycle shop. Tell us, Mr. Kayne, what made you want to run your own store?

答案： D)。对话开始，女士说欢迎大家来到本周的“商业世界”，并介绍说这是一个面向商业人士的节目。由此可知，女士在主持节目，故答案为D）。

2. 干扰信息处设题
这种出题思路不难理解，长对话内容多，信息量大，每一个细节都可能成为出题的地方。

这类题目的四个选项如果不仔细区分很容易混淆。

因此解答这类题目时，要充分预览所给选项，并在听音时适当做笔记。

例2： What does the woman say about the steel-related manufacturing in the region?
A) It has gradually given way to service industry.
B) It remains a major part of industrial activity.
C) It accounts for 80 percent of the region’s GDP.
D) It has a history as long as paper processing.

原文：W: Well, the main activities in the region were historically steel and paper processing, I think.
M: Yes, but I’m not quite sure about the status of those industries now. Could you tell us something about that?
W: Yes, of course. In fact, they are less significant. But steel-related manufacturing still accounts for 44% of industrial activity, so it’s still very important. In fact, 80% of Spain’s machine tools are from the Basque Country. As for paper processing, there’s still a little. But it’s no longer what it once was in the region. So, is that clear?
M: Yes, thanks.

答案： B）。对话中女士在介绍本地区与钢铁相关的制造业时提到，这一产业现在占工业活动的44%，虽然地位有所下降，但仍然非常重要，换句话说，它仍然是该地区工业活动的重要组成部分，故答案为B）。

3. 信息集中处设题
谈话双方交谈最热烈的地方往往也是设题的热点所在，并且因为其信息较集中，往往会多次设题。

因此就要注意，除做好听音前的预览选项、听音时的适当笔记外，

还需要对整个对话内容有较好的把握，在细节信息集中的地方认真聆听。

例3： What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?
A) It is something inevitable. C) It takes patience to manage.
B) It is frustrating sometimes. D) It can be a good thing.

原文： W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high-stress factor?
M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used in the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.

答案： D）。问题中的关键信息提示词是 element of stress，男士说他觉得压力的确很大，甚至想过不干了，但他同时认为有压力是个好事情，如果能够正确对待压力，把压力处理好，还可以对工作有积极的作用。因此，D)为答案。

4. 对整个对话的理解设题
主要考查对长对话的整体理解。通常提问谈话人主要交谈了什么内容，或某一方的观点、态度或行动。

这类题解题的根据主要有四点：

一是根据对话的开头判断该对话的主要内容；二是根据对话的结尾判断对话的主题；三是根据对话中多次出现的主要信息做合理的判断；四是通过预览选项进行合理的推理排除。

例4： What problem are the speakers discussing?
A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistake.
B) Some of the telephone systems don’t work properly.
C) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.
D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.

原文： W: What can I do for you?
M: Well, unfortunately, there is a problem with the order we received from you yesterday. It seems we’ve not received the right quantity of manuals to support the telephone system.
W: Oh, dear, that’s bad news. I’m very sorry to hear that, and you don’t know how many packs are without manuals?
M: No, because we haven’t opened every pack. But in several of those that have been opened there are none. No manuals.

答案： C)。本题的关键词是 manual，出现的问题并非在于产品的质量，而是缺少使用手册，故C）为答案。

5. 时间数字处设题
对话中出现年代、时间、价格等数字信息的地方，也经常是长对话设题的重点。但要注意，一般都是考查与数字相关的细节信息，而单纯考查数字的题目并不常见。

例5： What does the woman say about her evening class?
A) It is scheduled on Thursday night. C) It takes place once a week.
B) It is supposed to last nine weeks. D) It usually starts at six.

原文： M: Can I ask you about your evening class? What class do you go to?
W: Car maintenance.
M: What night of the week is it on?
W: Wednesday night.
M: And how long does it last?
W: Well, it’s supposed to start at 6:00, but that’s a bit of problem because people have difficulty getting through the traffic. So we start at 6:30 and then it goes on until 9 o’clock.

答案： C）。男士希望了解女士夜校课程的一些情况，在了解到女士所学内容为汽车保养后，男士问到上课时间，女士说是周三晚上。由此可知，女士所选的课程一周只上一次，故答案为C)。