美国人的工资到底是多少?

美国商务部刚刚以县为单位披露了2008年的薪酬水平，我们在此总结一些有趣的数据。总体来说，美国雇员去年的薪酬增长了2.3%，不及当年按个人消费支出核算出的3.3%的通胀率。
The Commerce Department just released 2008 figures on compensation by county, with a bunch of interesting tidbits we've summarized for you here. Overall, total compensation of U.S. workers grew 2.3% last year, failing to keep pace with the 3.3% increase in inflation during that time (as measured by the price index for personal consumption expenditures).
　　
按照商务部的定义，薪酬指的是雇员因工作而得到的全部报酬，包括工资以及雇主支付的养老金和医疗保险；这一数据由雇主提供。
'Compensation,' according to the Commerce Department, means total income received by employees as remuneration for their work, including wages as well as employer contributions for pensions and healthcare, and is reported by employers.
　　
报告显示，总体来说，美国2008年每份工作的平均薪酬增长了2.6%，至56,116美元。这些数据全部都是未经通货膨胀因素调整的名义值，如果将通胀考虑在内，那么从中传递出的信号要悲观得多。
Overall, average annual compensation per job in the U.S. grew by 2.6% last year to $56,116, the report indicates. Keep in mind all of these figures are nominal, meaning they aren't adjusted for inflation. If they were, the report would likely contain far more negative signs.
　
去年纽约县（曼哈顿地区）的薪酬水平最高，每份工作的平均薪酬为117,509美元，较2007年增长了0.5%。
Compensation was highest in New York County (Manhattan) last year, with average compensation per job of $117,509, a 0.5% increase from 2007
　
薪酬最低的是蒙大拿州的彼得罗利姆县，每份工作的平均薪酬为27,285美元。
Compensation was lowest per job in Petroleum Co., Montana, at $27,285

整体收入涨幅最大的当属肯塔基州川波县，薪酬增长了94.2%。
Total compensation to all employees posted the largest gain in Trimble Co., Kentucky with a 94.2% increase
　　
整体收入降幅最大的是佐治亚州詹金斯县(Jenkins Co.)，薪酬缩水了22.6%。
Total compensation fell the most in Jenkins Co., Georgia, by 22.6%
　　
这份报告还将全美3112个县按收入规模进行了大中小划分，即整体收入至少为100亿美元的大型县（共168个），收入为10亿至100亿美元的中型县以及整体收入不足10亿美元的小型县。
The report also breaks the nation's 3,112 counties down by size into large (the 168 counties with at least $10 billion in total compensation), medium (those with $1-10 billion) and small (those with less than $1 billion).
　　
去年，大型县每份工作平均薪酬增长了2.3%。其中收入最多的是曼哈顿，最少的是得克萨斯州艾尔帕索县。矿产行业收入增幅最大，为14.1%；地产／出租／租赁行业收入降幅最大，为2.3%。专业及科技服务业在2008年整体薪酬中占据了最大比重，为10.7%。
Among large counties, average annual compensation per job grew 2.3% last year, with Manhattan at the top and El Paso Co., Texas, at the bottom at $42,730. Mining had the largest rate of growth, 14.1, while real estate/rental/leasing fell the most, by 2.3%. Professional, scientific and technical services as a sector was the largest share of 2008 total compensation - 10.7%.
　　
去年，中型县每份工作平均薪酬增长了3.1%。收入占据高低两极的分别是收入98,417美元的阿拉斯加州北坡管理区以及收入32,827美元的田纳西州塞维尔县。矿业再次成为收入增长的领头羊，收入涨幅为15.1%，地产业收入降幅最大，为1.1%。医疗保健和社会服务在整体薪酬中所占比重最大，为11.7%。
Among medium counties, compensation per job grew 3.1% and was highest in North Slope Borough, Alaska, at $98,417 and lowest in Sevier Co., Tennessee, at $32,827. Mining again had the largest growth, 15.1%, while real estate was the biggest loser, falling 1.1%. Healthcare and social assistance was the largest share of 2008 compensation, comprising 11.7%.
　　
去年，小型县每份工作平均薪酬增长了3.1%。收入最高的是内华达州尤里卡县，为91,585美元，垫底的是上文提到的彼得罗利姆县。矿业再次领跑收入增长，此类工作收入涨幅为14.9%，耐用品（即价值较高、使用时间至少为三年的商品）制造业收入降幅最大，为2%。地方政府雇员收入在整体薪酬中所占比重最大，为16.5%。
Among small counties, compensation per job grew 3.1% and was highest in Eureka Co., Nevada - $91,585 - and lowest in Petroleum Co., as previously mentioned. Mining yet again had the most growth, 14.9%, while manufacturing of durable goods (big ticket items meant to last three years or more) fell the most, by 2%. The local government was the biggest component of total compensation, making up 16.5%.