科学家破译癌症遗传密码

　　The genetic code of two of the most deadly cancers has been cracked by British scientists in a world first that opens up a whole new era in the treatment for the disease.

　　英国科学家日前破译了两种最致命癌症的遗传密码，由此开辟了治疗癌症的全新时代。

　　All the mutations that turn healthy cells cancerous in both lung and skin tumours have been identified in what researchers described as a"transforming moment" in the search for preventions, treatments and cures for both terminal illnesses.

　　科研人员日前已破解肺部和皮肤肿瘤中致健康细胞发生癌变的所有基因突变，并将该研究成果称为寻求预防、治疗及治愈肺癌和皮肤癌两种绝症的“转变时刻”。

　　Eventually a simple blood test will lead to accurate "made to measure" treatments that can identify, attack and kill the causes of each patient's own individual cancer, they claim.

　　研究人员还表示，最终，一个简单的血检便可对患者进行“量身定制”的治疗，这种治疗能精确地识别、攻击并杀灭每位患者各自的致癌诱因。

资料图 抗癌新突破:科学家破译癌症遗传密码

　　All cancers are caused by damage or mutations to the DNA of formerly healthy cells acquired during a person's lifetime.

　　所有的癌症都是由于人一生中健康细胞的DNA受到破坏或发生突变而引起的。

　　This damage causes them to grow into abnormal lumps or tumours and spread around the body disrupting its normal processes and eventually--if unchecked--causing death.

　　这些破坏使健康细胞长成异常的肿块或肿瘤，扩散至全身，扰乱正常的生理过程，如不加以遏止，最终将导致死亡

　　In lung cancer the damage is almost entirely caused by smoking and in skin cancer or malignant melanoma by ultra violent sunlight.

　　引发肺癌的这种破坏几乎全因吸烟引起，而皮肤癌或恶性黑素瘤则是由阳光中的紫外线照射所致。

　　The Sanger Institute studies used powerful new DNA sequencing technologies to decode completely the genome of both tumour tissue and normal tissue from a lung cancer and a malignant melanoma patient.

　　桑格研究所开展的这项研究从一名肺癌患者和一名皮肤癌患者身上分别提取肿瘤细胞组织和正常细胞组织，运用新型高效的DNA测序技术对其基因组进行了全面破解。

　　They then compared and contrasted the two to discover the differences and see what damage has occurred to cause the disease.

　　随后，研究人员对两者进行了比较和对比，以期发现其中的差别，进而了解是何种破坏的出现引发了癌症。

　　The lung cancer genome, which kills 34,500 people a year, contained more than 23,000 mutations, the melanoma, which kills 2,000 people a year, more than 33,000.

　　每年致3.45万人死亡的肺癌，其基因组包含2.3万个突变；而每年致2000人死亡的皮肤癌，其基因组包含3.3万个突变。