研究:宇航员和被困矿工最需家人支持

　　"What's probably the most important thing right now is that the family is giving them support, sending notes down," said Phyllis Johnson, a family sociologist at the University of British Columbia who studies families where one member works in a far-flung location like space. "And that they're there nearby and that the miners know that they're nearby."

　　菲莉丝·约翰逊说，“最重要的就是来自家庭的支持，要将这些信息传递下去。不仅要让矿工们的家人来到矿井旁边，而且还要让被困的矿工们知道他们的亲人就在附近。”菲莉丝·约翰逊是一名来自不列颠哥伦比亚大学的家庭社会学家，他的研究对象是那些有一名成员在太空或其他偏远之地工作的家庭。

　　The other key to staying sane in an isolated environment is meaningful work, Leroy Chiao said, a former NASA astronaut. On long-duration spaceflights, astronauts' days are carefully scheduled. The Chilean miners don't have any scientific experiments or high-tech repairs to keep them busy, but they can work on improving their section of the mine, Chiao said.

　　美国航天局的前宇航员焦立中说，在与世隔绝的环境中保持清醒的另一个关键的就是要做一些有意义的事。在长时间的太空飞行中，宇航员们的生活都是经过精心安排的。焦立中说，虽然智力的这些矿工们不用忙于科学家实验或修复高科技设备，但却依然能够尽力改善自身所处的那部分矿井。

资料图 心理学家和宇航员为被困矿工支招

　　"One of the lessons was to keep improving your environment. Keep working to improve your shelter," Chiao said, referring to survival training. "That'll keep you busy, keep your mind from wandering where you don't want it to go."

　　在谈到逃生课程时，焦立中说：“经验之一就是不断改善自身所处的环境。坚持不懈地对庇护场所加以改善能够让你忙碌起来，这样你就不会胡思乱想一些本不该想的事情。”

　　Researchers have noticed that people trapped together often take out their frustrations on outside groups rather than each other, said Nick Kanas, a psychiatrist at University of California San Francisco. It's a phenomenon called "displacement." Astronauts, for example, have to depend on each other in life-threatening situations. So when things go wrong, they tend to direct their anger at Mission Control instead of at one another. Displacement keeps the group together, but it could be bad news if the miners stop cooperating with rescuers.

　　加利福尼亚大学圣弗朗西斯科分校的卡纳什说，研究人员们注意到，被困在一起的人群往往会将沮丧之情发泄到外界人员而非彼此身上。这种现象被称为“情绪转移”，但是如果矿工们停止与救援者合作，那么局面就会非常不利。

　　In the long run, the biggest risk to the miners may be their mental health. Unlike astronauts, the miners didn't volunteer for their confinement. Nor do they have much control over their fate. Given the danger they still face, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk, said Yuval Neria, the director of the Trauma and PTSD program at New York State Psychiatric Institute and a professor of psychology at Columbia University Medical Center.

　　从长期的角度来看，心理健康受损可能是被困矿工所面临的最大的危险。和宇航员不同，矿工们本身并不想被困在井下。他们也无法掌控自己的命运。纽约州精神病学研究所创伤及创伤后应激障碍项目负责人、哥伦比亚大学医学中心心理学家尤瓦尔·内里亚表示，鉴于矿工们仍要面临危险，他们有可能会患上创伤后应激障碍。