如何训练自己的大脑更好学习?

Throughout the NYT piece, Carey illustrates that, in education as in medicine, we have a big problem moving from research evidence into practice.
《美国纽约时报》的整篇报道中，Carey说明，教育跟医学一样，从研究到实践我们还面临着大问题。

Incidentally, here's another study tip based on research evidence about how the brain learns by association. Learning is, to a large extent, "state dependent." What that means is that if you study something while anxious, happy or while experiencing some form of altered consciousness, you will remember it better if you are in that same state again when you are tested for what you've learned.
顺便，这是另一个有研究证据的关于大脑如何通过联系进行学习的提示。学习很大程度上是“情境依靠”的。那意味着当你焦虑，开心或经历一些意识改变形式的时候进行学习，当你再处于那种状态对你所学的进行测试时，你会更好地记住。

While I definitely recommend against studying while intoxicated and certainly don't condone test-taking while under the influence, oddly enough, this research does suggest that recall may be improved by trying to match your studying and test-taking emotional states. This may account for part of why last-minute cramming sometimes helps — you are anxious both while studying and while taking the test.
我明确反对喝醉的时候学习，当然也不原谅在酒醉的情况下参加考试，说来也奇怪，研究表明，可以通过将学习和考试情绪状态相一致提高记忆。这可以部分解释为什么紧急关头的死记硬背有时有用——你在学习和考试时都很紧张。

Research also finds that while mild to moderate stress increases learning, severe stress can impair memory. Extreme stress can actually cause the higher regions of the brain to shut down, shunting mental energy into areas devoted to aiding the fight-or-flight instinct. So, absolute panic will worsen performance even if you are panicked both while studying and during the test.
研究也发现即使细微到中度的压力能提高学习，但过重的压力就损害记忆了。 极端的压力实际上会导致大脑高级区域停止运作，使精神能量分流到专注于帮助逃跑或战斗的本能的区域。所以，完全恐慌会使表现更差，即使你学习和考试时很恐慌。

Stimulants as mild as caffeine can produce state-dependent learning boosts — so if you drink coffee or soda while studying, drink them before the test, too.
像咖啡因这类温和的兴奋剂可以产生情境依靠提高学习——所以如果你学习时喝咖啡或碳酸水，那么考试时也要喝。

For people who use medication for ADHD, testing and studying should either both be done medicated or unmedicated to maximize state-dependence effects.
对于那些服用治疗ADHD药物的人，考试和学习的时候要不就都服用药，要不就都不要服用，使情境依靠发挥最大效果。

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