你知道非处方感冒药的年龄忌讳吗?

Still, a study published in 2010 in the journal Child: Care, Health and Development, found that about a third of parents hadn't heard of the FDA recommendations, and of those who had, a third intended to keep using the medications. An earlier University of Michigan poll from 2011 found 61% of parents with children 2 and younger had given them cough and cold medications.
不过，学术期刊《儿童：护理、保健及发育》(Child: Care, Health and Development) 2010年刊登的一篇研究论文指出，有三分之一左右的家长未听说过FDA的建议，而在听说过FDA建议的家长中，又有三分之一的人想继续使用这些药品。密歇根大学2011年展开的一项调查发现，61%的家长曾给两岁及以下的孩子服用止咳和感冒药。

Another study, published recently in Clinical Pediatrics showed even higher numbers: 82% of 65 parents of children younger than 6 said they would use the medications, and nearly three-quarters of those indicated they would administer the wrong dose.
近期在《临床儿科学》(Clinical Pediatrics)上刊登的另一项研究结果所显示的比例更高：接受调查的65名六岁以下儿童家长中，有82%的人表示会使用这些药品，其中近四分之三的人表示，他们的给药剂量会有错误。

Some parents in that study would read the instruction not to give the medications to children younger than 4 and simply make up their own dose. They often extrapolated from doses recommended for older children, said Sarah G. Lazarus, a pediatrician at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta who was the lead author. She suggests the medications' age warnings, often found only in small print, may not be prominent enough on the packaging.
在该研究中，一些受访家长看过四岁以下儿童不宜服用的说明后会自行判断给药剂量。研究论文的第一作者、亚特兰大儿童医院(Children's Healthcare of Atlanta)的儿科医生拉扎勒斯(Sarah G. Lazarus)称，家长通常会根据针对年长一些的儿童的推荐剂量来进行推断。她指出，药品包装上的年龄警告（通常只用小字标注）可能不够醒目。

Doctors say they sometimes struggle to convince parents.
医生们表示，有时候他们很难说服家长。

'They're using them because their children are sick, and they want to do something,' says Daniel Frattarelli, who chairs the American Academy of Pediatrics' committee on drugs. He advises against the drugs. But if a mom hears from a friend who has used them and believes they work, he said he expects sometimes to be ignored.
美国儿科学会(American Academy of Pediatrics)药品委员会主席弗拉塔雷利(Daniel Frattarelli)称：“家长用这些药是因为他们的孩子病了，他们想做点什么。”他建议不要用药。但他说，如果一个妈妈听说有朋友用过这些药，并且相信这些药有效的话，他估计他的建议有时会被置之脑后。

Parents who avoid the over-the-counter medications are instead branching out with other treatments. Margaret Willis of Dearborn, Mich., whose 16-month-old daughter is a patient of Dr. Frattarelli's, says she is 'frustrated' that there aren't any medicines for her toddler's frequent colds and coughs.
不使用非处方药的家长会转向其他疗法。密歇根州迪尔伯恩(Dearborn)的威利斯(Margaret Willis)说，她女儿经常感冒咳嗽，却没有任何药可以用，让她颇为“失望”。她女儿16个月大，在弗拉塔雷利医生那儿看病。

'There's nothing out there for a baby,' she says. After trying a number of alternatives, Ms. Willis, a preschool teacher, finally settled on a treatment available on drugstore shelves that includes honey but no drugs, as well as a saline wash for the girl's nose. She believes the treatments helped somewhat, she says.
她说：“根本没有给婴儿用的药。”身为幼儿园老师的威利斯说，她尝试了许多替代方法，最终选定了一种在药店里卖的制剂，这种制剂含有蜂蜜，但不含药物成分，她还选择了一种洗鼻盐。她说，她觉得这些疗法有一定效果。

Doctors say they tell parents to try elevating their children's heads at night -- with babies, who aren't supposed to have objects in their cribs, parents can put towels under one end of the mattress or even use the car seat. Steam from a hot shower can also help, though some doctors warn that parents need to be careful with humidifiers, since they can develop mold.
医生们称，他们让家长试试夜间把孩子的头垫高──如果是婴儿的话（婴儿床里不应该放任何东西），家长可以在床垫的一头塞入毛巾，甚至可以使用汽车安全座椅。热水淋浴喷头的蒸汽也管用，但一些医生警告称，家长应该慎用加湿器，因为会产生霉菌。

Suctioning the nose is another option, as well as acetaminophen for fever, and another old standby: 'Lots of fluids,' says Alanna Levine, a pediatrician in Tappan, N.Y. For children older than 1 suffering from a cough, she also recommends a spoonful of honey, she says. Honey isn't recommended for babies because of the possibility it carries spores that could lead to botulism. One key goal in trying to soothe coughs is to help toddlers get adequate sleep, doctors said.
纽约州塔潘(Tappan)的儿科医生莱文(Alanna Levine)说，另一种选择方案是吸鼻涕，还可以用对乙口胺基酚来退烧，另外还有老话所说的“多喝水”。她说，一岁以上儿童咳嗽时，她建议可以喝一勺蜂蜜。但不建议婴儿喝蜂蜜，因为蜂蜜里可能会含有孢子，会导致肉毒杆菌中毒。医生说，镇咳的主要目的是帮助幼儿获得充足的睡眠。

Jennifer Chang, the mother of a 9-month-old and a 3-year-old who see Dr. Levine, has tried a honey-based preparation, as well as steamy showers and hydration.
住在纽约州奈阿克(Nyack)的Jennifer Chang有两个孩子，一个九个月大，一个三岁，他们在莱文医生那里看病。Jennifer Chang试过蜂蜜配方制剂，还试过淋浴蒸汽和让孩子多喝水。

'It seems like there's not a whole lot you can do,' says Ms. Chang, of Nyack, N.Y. 'I want to make it feel better.'
Jennifer Chang说：“你似乎没有太多可做的。但我很想让孩子舒服一点。”