底特律破产：汽车城破产背后的原因

1. How did Detroit’s financial situation get so dire, and does it hold lessons for other cities?
1. 底特律的财政状况怎么会变得这么差，对其他城市有什么经验教训？

Most experts point to a number of reasons for Detroit’s woes: corruption, financial mismanagement, an automotive industry that shed jobs rapidly from the early 1980s to now. All this was exacerbated by population loss. Detroit has steadily lost population since the 1950s, going from a peak of 1.9 million residents to fewer than 700,000 today.
很多专家指出了底特律困境的许多原因：腐败、经济管理不善，而且从20世纪80年代初到现在，汽车行业一直在迅速裁员。人口损失又把情况加重了。底特律从20世纪50年代起人口数量稳步下滑，居民数从190万的最高点到现在不到700000人。

2. What is the state of the city’s bankruptcy?
2. 底特律的破产情况到了什么程度？

Even though emergency manager Kevyn Orr announced in July he planned to have Detroit declare Chapter 9 bankruptcy, the city still needs federal court approval to do so. The process has not been a smooth one, as many vested interests involved in the potential restructuring - namely the city’s public sector unions and creditors - have pushed back significantly. Bondholders and other creditors are fighting the prospect of receiving pennies on the dollar, and unions say a bankruptcy would violate the state constitution, which protects retiree benefits.
即使紧急状态管理人奥尔在7月时曾经说他准备提交破产保护申请，但底特律仍然要等联邦法院的批准。过程并不顺利，因为许多既得利益者参与了重组——即城市公共部门的工会和债权人——他们大力主张延后处理。债券持有人和其他债权人反对廉价处理资产，而且工会说破产会违反保护退休福利的宪法。