全球收入最高的五大黑帮

While the Italian-American mafia has been severely weakened in recent decades by law enforcement, the Italian mafia in the old country is still running strong. Despite years of efforts from citizens, journalists, and government officials, the local governments in Italy remain linked to and protective of various mafia groups, to the point where a 2013 study from the UniversitàCattolica and the Joint research Centre on Transnational Crime estimated that mafia activities generate revenue of $33 billion dollars, mostly divided among Italy’s four major mafia gangs.
美国的意大利裔黑手党最近几十年来受到了执法机关的严厉打击，不过意大利国内的黑手党依旧十分强势。尽管意大利的公民、记者和政府官员努力了多年，但该国的地方政府依旧与许多黑帮团伙保持联系，并为他们提供保护。米兰圣心天主教大学（UniversitàCattolica）和跨国犯罪联合研究中心（Joint research Centre on Transnational Crime）2013年的研究估计，意大利的黑手党总共赚取了330亿美元的收入，其中大部分由四大黑手党瓜分。

Camorra is the most successful of these groups, raking in an estimated $4.9 billion per year on everything from “sexual exploitation, firearms trafficking, drugs, counterfeiting, gambling … usury and extortion,” according to the report. And Camorra has been at it a long time. Based in Naples, the group’s history dates back to the 19th century, when it was formed initially as a prison gang. As members were released, the group flourished during the bloody political struggles in Italy during the 1800s by offering protection services and as a force for political organization among Italy’s poor.
克莫拉是这些团伙中最为成功的一个，估计每年能够攫取49亿美元的收入。这份研究报告显示，他们涉足的领域丰富多样：“性剥削、军火交易、毒品、制假、赌博……高利贷以及敲诈。”而克莫拉已经这样经营了很长时间。该组织总部位于那不勒斯，历史可以追溯到19世纪，最早是一个监狱里的团伙。这个团伙的成员在19世纪初获释之际，正赶上意大利血雨腥风般的政治斗争。通过提供安全保护，该团伙迅速壮大，俨然成为一支代表意大利贫困阶层的政治力量。

4. ‘Ndrangheta—Revenue: $4.5 billion
4、光荣会(‘Ndrangheta)收入：45亿美元

Based in the Calabria region of Italy, the ‘Ndarangheta is the country’s second largest mafia group by revenue. While it is involved in many of the same illicit activities as Camorra, ‘Ndrangheta has made its name for itself by building international ties with South American cocaine dealers, and it controls much of the transatlantic drug market that feeds Europe. It has also been expanding its operations in the U.S. and has helped prop up the Gambino and Bonnano crime families in New York. In February, Italian and American police forces arrested dozens of ‘Ndrangheta and Gambino family members and charged them with crimes related to the transatlantic drug trade.
总部位于意大利卡拉布里亚的光荣会，是该国收入第二多的黑手党组织。尽管他们的许多非法勾当与克莫拉类似，但真正让光荣会名声大噪的，却是他们同南美可卡因经销商建立起来的国际关系。该组织还在向欧洲供货的跨大西洋毒品市场上占有很大份额。此外，光荣会还在美国拓展业务，为纽约的甘比诺（Gambino）和波纳诺（Bannano）两个犯罪家族提供支持。今年2月，意大利和美国警方逮捕了数十名光荣会和甘比诺家族的成员，并以跨大西洋毒品贸易的罪名对他们发起指控。

5. Sinaloa Cartel—Revenue $3 billion
5、西纳罗亚集团(Sinaloa Cartel) 收入：30亿美元

Sianola is Mexico’s largest drug cartel, one of several gangs that has been terrorizing the Mexican population as it serves as the middleman between South American producers of illegal drugs and an unquenchable American market. The White House Office of Drug Control Policy estimates that Americans spend $100 billion on illegal drugs each year, and the RAND Corporation says that about $6.5 billion of that reaches Mexican cartels. With an estimated 60% market share, Sinola cartel is raking in approximately $3 billion per year.
西纳罗亚是墨西哥最大的贩毒集团。作为南美非法毒品的生产商和难以遏制的美国毒品市场的中间人，他们是让墨西哥人十分恐惧的几个团伙之一。白宫毒品控制政策办公室（Office of Drug Control Policy）估计，美国人每年要消费1,000亿美元的非法毒品，而兰德公司（RAND Corporation）表示，其中的65亿美元流入墨西哥贩毒集团。西纳罗亚在其中大概有60%的市场占有率，因此以每年大约30亿美元的收入上榜。

Despite the fact that Sinaloa’s leader was arrested February, the cartel seems to have avoided the sort of bloody—and costly—succession battle that has plagued some groups when a leader is taken out of commission.
西纳罗亚的头目在今年2月遭到逮捕。当领导人不在后，许多组织都会受到内部权利斗争的困扰。但西纳罗亚似乎已经避免了血腥且代价高昂的继承权之争。