被搁置了10年的埃博拉病毒疫苗

Several other vaccine candidates, not as far along, are also in the pipeline and may be ready for safety testing next year. Once any drugs or treatments pass the safety tests they will be available for use in larger numbers of people, and health officials are grappling with whether they should be tested for efficacy in the traditional way, in which some people at risk are given placebos instead of the active drug.
其他几种候选疫苗的进展没有那么快，但正在研制中，或许已经准备好于明年接受安全测试。一旦有药物或治疗方法通过安全测试，它们将可以用于广大人群，卫生官员正在考虑是否应该通过传统方式对这些药物进行疗效测试——给一些可能被感染的人安慰剂，而不是活性药物。

Governments and the military became interested in making vaccines against Ebola and a related virus, Marburg, during the 1990s after a Soviet defector said the Russians had found a way to weaponize Marburg and load it into warheads. Concerns intensified in 2001 after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and anthrax mailings.
20世纪90年代，在苏联叛徒称俄罗斯人已经找到将马尔堡病毒制成武器并将它装入弹头的方法后，各国政府及军队开始对制作抗埃博拉病毒及相关病毒——马尔堡病毒的疫苗感兴趣。2001年，在9·11恐怖袭击事件及炭疽邮件事件发生之后，他们更加关注疫苗的制作。

"The National Institutes of Health came up with a program called Partnerships in Biodefense that partnered researchers like me with companies, usually small companies," Dr. Geisbert said.
盖斯伯特博士说，“国立卫生研究院推出了一个叫作生物防御合作(Partnerships in Biodefense)的计划，推动像我这样的研究人员与公司的合作，通常是些小公司。”

The government money led to major advances in the laboratory, Dr. Geisbert said, but was insufficient to cover the huge costs of human trials. Nor could the small companies that were involved in the early studies in animals afford to pay for human trials. No finished product came to market.
盖斯伯特博士表示，政府的资助促使该实验室取得重大进展，但这些资金不足以支付人体试验所需要的巨额费用。那些参与动物试验早期研究的小公司也无法支付人体试验的费用。目前还没有成品上市。

Dr. Geisbert moved on, working on treatments for Ebola and another version of the V.S.V. vaccine. For the vaccine work, his main collaborator has been Dr. Heinz Feldmann, the chief of virology at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, Mont., part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
盖斯波特博士继续研究埃博拉的治疗方法，以及另一种VSV疫苗。在疫苗研制工作方面，他的主要合作伙伴是蒙大拿州哈密尔顿落基山实验室(Rocky Mountain Laboratories)的首席病毒专家海因茨·费尔德曼(Heinz Feldmann)。落基山实验室隶属于美国国家过敏及传染性疾病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)。

The newer version of the vaccine uses a slightly different form of V.S.V., one that Dr. Geisbert said he thought might be less likely to cause side effects, and more likely to gain quick approval because it has already been used as the basis for an H.I.V. vaccine and is known to the Food and Drug Administration. But the new version, VesiculoVax, made by Profectus Biosciences in Baltimore, has not yet been tested in humans.
新版疫苗使用的VSV病毒稍有不同，盖斯波特博士称这种病毒引起副作用的可能性较小，可能很快就会获得批准，因为它已经被用于制造HIV疫苗，美国食品与药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration)已经了解这种病毒。但巴尔的摩启程生物科学公司(Profectus Biosciences)生产的新疫苗VesiculoVax还没有进行人体测试。

The V.S.V. products are live vaccines, with replicating viruses that may cause a reaction. It is not clear what level of side effects will be considered acceptable.
VSV疫苗是活疫苗，不断复制的病毒可能会引起反应。目前尚不清楚何种水平的副作用是被认为可以接受的。

Chills and nausea are possible, Dr. Geisbert said, but he added, "Who cares, if you survive Ebola?"
盖斯特博士表示，可能出现畏寒、恶心的反应，但他还表示，“如果能治愈埃博拉，谁还在乎这些？”