研究：睡得越多赚得越多

众所周知，睡眠会影响注意力、记忆力和认知力等影响工作的关键因素，这并不让人意外。但是一项新研究发现，睡眠还有更值钱的作用。你一定不敢相信，多睡觉也能帮你涨工资！科学家们称，额外的睡眠时间可以转变为上千美元的薪水。

We all know sleep matters for job performance. After a week of vacation, you may find your work better than ever. But rack up a week of sleepless nights - say, following a polarizing presidential election - and you may find yourself struggling.
众所周知，睡眠会影响工作表现。休假一周后，你会发现自己工作表现前所未有的好。假如你因为两极分化的总统大选而持续失眠一周，那可能会非常痛苦。

It wouldn't surprise anyone that sleep affects attention, memory and cognition - important factors in the workplace. But striking new research suggests the effect of additional sleep has a high monetary value. A paper - from Matthew Gibson of Williams College and Jeffrey Shrader of the University of California at San Diego, based on data from Jawbone, the fitness- and sleep-tracker company - says that additional time sleeping can translate into thousands of dollars in wages.
睡眠会影响注意力、记忆力和认知力等影响工作的关键因素，这并不让人意外。但是一项引人注目的新研究发现，睡眠还有更值钱的作用。威廉姆斯学院的马修•吉普森和加州大学圣地亚哥分校的杰夫瑞•施莱德基于健身睡眠记录仪公司Jawbone的数据撰写了一份研究报告，称额外的睡眠时间可以转变为数千美元的薪水。

In fact, they calculate that a one-hour increase in weekly sleep raises wages by about half as much as an additional year of education.
事实上，他们计算出每周睡眠增加1小时，薪水涨幅相当于多受一年教育的一半。

Now, the story is not so simple. Don't think you can start to sleep more and you will instantly make more money. It's more about the subtle interplay between how people schedule their lives, how much time they have available to sleep and how that affects worker performance and, ultimately, earnings.
事情没那么简单。不要以为你开始多睡觉就能立刻赚得更多。关键是人们如何安排自己的生活、有多少时间可以睡觉以及这是如何影响员工表现并最终影响薪资，这些问题间微妙的关系才是重点。

To investigate how sleep affects worker wages, the researchers took advantage of a kind of natural experiment - sunset times across American time zones. Past research shows that people naturally end up sleeping longer when the sun sets earlier, for example in the winter, even if the person goes to bed well after dark. When the sun sets an hour later, it reduces nighttime sleep by roughly 20 minutes per week.
为了研究睡眠究竟怎样影响员工工资，研究人进行了一项自然试验——利用美国时区日落时间。过去的研究显示，当日落较早时，人们的睡眠会自然而然变长，即使是天黑很久后才睡觉也一样，比如冬季时。当日落较晚时，人们平均每周的睡眠时间大约减少20分钟。

Within a single time zone, the time of sunset varies substantially, as the map below shows. For example, the sun sets about an hour and a half earlier in Mars Hill, Maine, than in Ontonagon, Mich., even though both are in the Eastern time zone. Because there shouldn't be any significant differences in workers on the eastern or western edge of a time zone beyond the amount of time they sleep, researchers use this variation to calculate how much sleep influences wages.
如下图所示，在一个时区里日落时间相差很大。比如，虽然同在东部时区，缅因州马斯希尔的日落时间比密歇根州昂托纳贡的早一个半小时。因为不论在一个时区的东边还是西边，员工的睡眠时间应该没有显著差别，研究人员决定用日落时间的差异来计算睡眠对工资的影响。

They find that a one-hour increase in average weekly sleep in a location increases wages by 1.3 percent in the short run, which include changes of less than a year, and 5 percent in the long run. By moving to a location where a sunset is one hour earlier, a worker will make an additional $1,570 a year.
他们发现，在一个地区，平均每周增加1小时睡眠，工资一年以内增长1.3%，而从长期来看增长5%。如果搬到日落早一小时的地区，员工的工资一年将增加1570美元。

Those differences in wages end up being incorporated into the local economy. The researchers find that higher wages actually translate into higher home values as well. A county that experiences a sunset one hour earlier has on average a 6 percent higher median home value, about $7,900 to $8,800 dollars, they say.
这些工资差异也体现在当地经济上。研究人员发现，较高的工资实际上也转化为更高的房价。他们称，在一个提前1小时日落的镇子里，住宅均价一般会高出6%，约7900-8800美元。

Not all of these wage differences are due directly to sleep, the researchers caution. Some could be due to the cumulative influence of other people. If the workers around you are made slightly more productive by sleeping better, that could make your work more productive, too.
研究人员提醒道，并非所有的工资差异都由睡眠直接导致。有些是由于他人的累积影响。如果你周围的员工因为睡眠更佳而工作效率稍高的话，也可以使你的工作更有效率。

The findings suggest that sleep is a crucial determinant of productivity and wages, "rivaling ability and human capital in importance," the researchers write.
研究结果显示，睡眠是工作效率和薪资水平的重要决定因素，“可以与能力和人力资本相提并论。”

Given the huge benefit that more sleep can bring, we should certainly pay more attention to ensuring that workers sleep more, they say.
研究人员称，鉴于多睡觉对人大有裨益，我们应该更加注意确保员工多多睡觉。