怎样用PQ4R提高阅读学习能力？

在基础阅读和阅读理解方面有特殊困难的学生，需要有效的学习方法，例如PQ4R。这一方法，同样适用于那些程度较好的学生提高阅读理解能力及记忆力。PQ4R是一种良好的学习方法，所有年龄段的学生均可使用。

这一学习方法，不仅能够提升学生的阅读理解能力，而且有望使学生对已读材料的记忆达到70%。PQ4R是preview（预览）、question（提问）、read（阅读）、reflect（思考）、recite（背诵）以及review（回顾）的首字母的缩略词。了解以下六个步骤，学习如何使用PQ4R学习法。

1.Preview
1.预览

Look through the pages of your reading passage and read the headings of the chapter. Read the first and last paragraph in each section. View the illustrations in each section. Read the captions under the pictures. This will help you synthesize the information.
浏览阅读材料的页数，查看本章的标题。浏览每节内容的第一段和最后一段。查看每节出现的插图。认真阅读图片下方的解说，将助你更好把握材料信息。

2.Question
2.提出问题

Think about the information you learned in the preview. Ask yourself questions about it. Think about what you already know about the ideas you saw during your preview. What do you think will be the main points raised in the chapter? What do you expect to learn from reading this material?
回忆自己在预览步骤中所了解的信息。就这些信息提出问题。思考在预览过程中，自己已了解哪些信息。问问自己，本章想要表达的主旨究竟是什么？自己期望从这篇教材中学到什么？

3.Read
3.阅读

Read the passage. If there are ideas that seem important, make a note of them on paper. If the book belongs to you, consider making notes in the margins and highlight important parts in the book. If you just can't imagine writing in your book, use sticky notes or make your notes on paper.
阅读全文。如果发现一些比较重要的内容，可以抄在本子上。如果这本书是你的，可以在页边空白处做笔记并标记重要内容。你若不喜欢在书上写写画画，可在便利贴或本子上做笔记。

4.Reflect
4.思考

Take time to reflect on what you have read. How are the passages or chapters inter-related? How does the information fit into the details you have already learned? What new information did you learn? Did the passage include the information you expected it to cover? Was there information that surprised you? Were the questions that you had answered?
花点时间反思自己阅读过的内容。这些段落或章节是如何互相关联的？这些信息是如何与已知信息对接的？通过阅读，你了解到了哪些新信息？这篇文章是否包含你渴望了解的信息？有没有令你感到意外的信息？对于以上问题，你是否做出了回答？

5.Recite
5.背诵

Think about the material. Discuss it with someone else or write down the main points you learned. Generally, writing information down by hand will improve memory of the material. If writing is a problem for you, consider brief notes or discuss the material with other students. It is important to summarize the material in writing using your own words. Explain it aloud to someone else or recite your notes aloud to yourself.
回想阅读材料。与别人进行讨论或写下你学到的重要内容。一般来说，手写信息能够提升人脑对材料的记忆。若你对书写感到吃力，可以简短地做个笔记或与其他同学讨论阅读的内容。重要的是，写作时要用自己的话总结材料。你可以向他人介绍自己的笔记，也可以大声朗读并背诵笔记。

6.Review
6.回顾

Consider the main points of the material. Were your questions answered? If not, what information are you unsure about? Do you feel that the writer's points are fully understood?
回顾已读材料的主旨。是否解答了自己提出的问题？如果没有，哪些信息是你不敢确定的？你认为自己能够完全理解作者想要表达的观点吗？

Use the PQ4R strategy with new reading material, such as articles, books and short stories, to improve comprehension and retention. This can lead to better grades and improved achievement in all school subject areas.
使用PQ4R阅读法阅读新材料（诸如文章、书籍、短篇小说）可以提高你的阅读理解能力和记忆力。从而令你取得更好的成绩，在各个学科有更加出色的表现。