英语阅读中如何找出隐含的主旨

More info on how to find the main idea
更多关于怎样找到主旨的信息

What Is an Implied Main Idea?
什么是隐含的主旨？

Sometimes, a reader will get lucky and the main idea will be a stated main idea, where the main idea is easy to find because it's written directly in the text.
有时候，读者会很幸运地发现，主旨是开门见山的，很容易就能找到，因为文中直接就写出来了。

However, many of the passages you'll read on a standardized test like the SAT or GRE will have an implied main idea, which is a little trickier.
但是，在标准化考试中，如学业能力倾向测验或者研究生入学考试，你读到的大多数文章的主旨都被狡猾地隐藏了。

If the author doesn't directly state the main idea of the text, it's up to you to infer what the main idea is.
如果作者没有直接在文章写出主旨，你就要将其推断出来了。

Finding the implied main idea is easier if you think of the passage as a box. Inside the box, is a random group of stuff (the details of the passage). Pull each item from the box and try to figure out what they each have in common, kind of like the game Tri-Bond. Once you've figured out what the common bond is among each of the items, you'll be able to summarize the passage in a snap.
如果你将整篇文章看做一个箱子，那么找到隐含的主旨就会容易一些。在箱子里，摆放的都是杂乱无章的东西（文章的各种细节）。将它们一个个从箱子里取出来然后分清它们有什么共同点，就像Tri-Bond游戏一样。一旦你发现每件事物的共同点，就能快速概括出全文。

How To Find the Implied Main Idea
怎样找到隐含的主旨

1. Read the passage of text
通读全文

2. Ask this question to yourself: "What do each of the details of the passage have in common?"
问你自己一个问题：“文章中的每个细节都有什么共同点？”

3. In your own words, find the common bond among all the details of the passage and the author's point about this bond.
用你自己的方式，找出所有细节的共同点以及作者对此的观点。

4. Compose a short sentence stating the bond and what the author says about the bond.
写下短句子，陈述出共同点以及作者的观点。

Step 1: Read the Implied Main Idea Example:
步骤一：阅读含有隐含主旨的例子：

When you're with your friends, it's okay to be loud and use slang. They'll expect it and they aren't grading you on your grammar. When you're standing in a boardroom or sitting for an interview, you should use your best English possible, and keep your tone suitable to the working environment. Try to gauge the personality of the interviewer and the setting of the workplacebefore cracking jokes or speaking out of turn. If you're ever in a position to speak publicly, always ask about your audience, and modify your language, tone, pitch and topic based on what you think the audience's preferences would be. You'd never give a lecture about atoms to third-graders!
当你和朋友在一起的时候，可以大声说话，讲俚语。他们也会很乐意，而且不会去从语法的角度去评判你。当你在会议室或面对采访时，你就得尽可能说出最标准的英语了，以使你的音调与工作环境匹配。在开玩笑或者发言之前，你要试图揣测采访者的性格和工作区的陈设。如果你的工作性质要求你经常公开发言，你就要常常询问观众，在基于你对观众喜好的理解上，更正你的语言、语气、音高和主题。你就不会犯给三年级学生讲原子的错误了！

Step 2: What's the Common Thread?
步骤二：什么是共同主线？

In this case, the author is writing about hanging out with friends, going on an interview, and speaking publicly, which, at first glance, don't seem to relate to each other that much. If you find a common bond among all them, though, you'll see that the author is giving you different situations and then telling us to speak differently in each setting (use slang with friends, be respectful and quiet in an interview, modify your tone publicly). The common bond is speaking, which will have to be part of the implied main idea.
假若作者写的是和朋友一起出去玩，参加面试和公开发言，这些事第一眼看上去好像彼此没有多大联系。如果你找到了它们的共同点，你就能发现，作者在通过不同的场合来告诉我们，不同的环境说话的方式也不同。（和朋友说俚语，面试则要礼貌沉稳，公共场所就要注意自己的语气）共同点就是说话，也就是隐含主旨的一部分。

Step 3. Summarize the Passage
步骤三：总结全文

A sentence like "Different situations requires different kinds of speech" would fit perfectly as the implied main idea of that passage. We had to infer that because the sentence doesn't appear anywhere in the paragraph. But it was easy enough to find this implied main idea when you looked at the common bond uniting each idea.
例如“不同的场合说话的方式页不同”的句子很适合用来比喻文章的隐含主旨。我们得推断出主旨，因为它不是在文章中随处可见的。但是，当你看到每个观点之间的共同点时，就足够你找出隐含的主旨了。