梅相发表重要脱欧演讲，英镑涨了，苏格兰又要闹独立……

还记得前段时间《经济学人》第一次把英国新首相特蕾莎·梅（Theresa May）放上封面，就毫不留情地把她的名字改成“Theresa Maybe”，特蕾莎·梅准儿的事吗？

终于，梅相不再犹豫了，英国时间17日，她发表脱欧演说，详细公布了12项脱欧举措。

BBC报道称：

Under the gilt and candelabra of Lancaster House where Margaret Thatcher extolled the virtues of joining the single market, Theresa May has just uttered some of the most important words she will ever deliver.
在金碧辉煌、放满大烛台的兰卡斯特宫，玛格丽特·撒切尔曾极力宣扬加入单一市场的好处，而今特蕾莎·梅发表了她有史以来最重要的言论。

所以，梅相的这12项脱欧举措具体是哪些呢？

1. Certainty
确保脱欧进程的确定性

We will provide certainty wherever we can……I recognize how important it is to provide business, the public sector, and everybody with as much certainty as possible as we move through the process. I can confirm today that the Government will put the final deal that is agreed between the UK and the E.U. to a vote in both Houses of Parliament, before it comes into force.
无论如何我们都要确保脱欧过程的确定性……我意识到，在脱欧进程中为商业、公共事务和个人提供尽可能多的确定性有多么重要。我现在可以保证，在最后决议生效前，政府会发动议会两院投票，来决定经英国和欧盟协商通过的最后决议。

2. Control of our own laws
取得法律自主权

Leaving the European Union will mean that our laws will be made in Westminster, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. And those laws will be interpreted by judges not in Luxembourg but in courts across this country. Because we will not have truly left the European Union if we are not in control of our own laws.
脱欧意味着我们的法律将由威斯敏斯特、爱丁堡、卡迪夫和贝尔法斯特四地协同制定。而这些法律也将由我们国家来阐释，而非卢森堡（欧盟）。若我们不能拥有自己的法律自主权，我们将不能真正实现脱欧。

3. Strengthen the Union
强化联盟

A stronger Britain demands that we do something else — strengthen the precious union between the 4 nations of the United Kingdom. We won’t agree on everything, but I look forward to working with the administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland to deliver a Brexit that works for the whole of the United Kingdom.
更强大的英国需要我们继续努力——强化英国四个地区之间的宝贵联盟。我们之间仍有分歧，但我希望能和苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰合作，协商出一个适合整个英国的脱欧方案。

4. Maintain the Common Travel Area with Ireland
保留爱尔兰的公共旅游区

We cannot forget that, as we leave, the United Kingdom will share a land border with the E.U., and maintaining that Common Travel Area with the Republic of Ireland will be an important priority for the UK in the talks ahead.
在脱欧之际，我们不会忘记，英国与欧盟将共享一个边境，对英国而言，保留爱尔兰共和国的公共旅游区，是未来其他谈判的先决条件。

5. Control of immigration
控制移民数量

We will continue to attract the brightest and the best to work or study in Britain — indeed openness to international talent must remain one of this country’s most distinctive assets — but that process must be managed properly so that our immigration system serves the national interest. So we will get control of the number of people coming to Britain from the E.U.
我们依旧会吸纳优秀人才来英国工作或学习——实际上，对国际人才的开放必须成为这个国家独特优势——但这个过程要得到有效控制，这样我们的移民政策才能符合国家利益。所以我们将控制来自欧盟的移民数量。

6. Rights for E.U. nationals in Britain, and British nationals in the E.U.
英国与欧盟双方互相保证对方公民的权益

We want to guarantee the rights of E.U. citizens who are already living in Britain, and the rights of British nationals in other member states, as early as we can. I want everyone to know that it remains an important priority for Britain — and for many other member states — to resolve this challenge as soon as possible.
我们要尽早保障，已经生活在英国的欧盟公民以及生活在欧盟其他成员国的英国公民的合法权益。我想让每个人知道，尽早解决这一问题仍是英国及其他欧盟成员国的头等大事。

7. Protect workers’ rights
保障工人权益

Indeed, under my leadership, not only will the government protect the rights of workers set out in European legislation, we will build on them. Because under this government, we will make sure legal protection for workers keeps pace with the changing labor market — and that the voices of workers are heard by the boards of publicly-listed companies for the first time.
实际上在我的领导下，政府不仅保障欧洲立法中确定的工人权益，我们也将以此为基，更进一步。因为在这届政府领导下，我们要确保对工人的法律保护与不断变化的劳动力市场相同步——工人的声音将首次被公开上市公司的董事会听到。

8. Free trade with European markets
实现与欧洲市场的自由贸易

We will pursue a bold and ambitious Free Trade Agreement with the European Union. We do not seek membership of the Single Market. And because we will no longer be members of the Single Market, we will not be required to contribute huge sums to the E.U. budget.
我们要与欧盟达成一项大胆而雄心勃勃的自由贸易协定。我们不希望成为欧盟单一市场的成员。由于我们不再属于单一市场，我们也不需要为欧盟预算支付大笔费用了。

9. New trade agreements with other countries
与其他国家达成新的贸易协议

A Global Britain must be free to strike trade agreements with countries from outside the European Union too. We want to get out into the wider world, to trade and do business all around the globe.
一个全球化的英国也应该与欧盟以外的其他国家自由达成贸易协议。我们想进入更广阔的世界，在全球范围内开展贸易。

10. The best place for science and innovation
成为科技创新宝地

A Global Britain must also be a country that looks to the future. That means being one of the best places in the world for science and innovation. One of our great strengths as a nation is the breadth and depth of our academic and scientific communities, backed up by some of the world’s best universities.
一个全球化的英国必须是一个面向未来的国家。这意味着我们要成为世界上的科技创新宝地。有众多世界一流学校的支持，学术界和科学界的广度与深度是我们的一大优势。

11. Cooperation in the fight against crime and terrorism
开展打击恐怖主义和犯罪的合作

A Global Britain will continue to cooperate with its European partners in important areas such as crime, terrorism and foreign affairs.
一个全球化的英国将继续与欧洲其他国家在犯罪、恐怖主义和外交事务等重要领域展开合作。

12. A smooth, orderly Brexit
平稳、有序地实现脱欧

We believe a phased process of implementation, in which both Britain and the E.U. institutions and member states prepare for the new arrangements that will exist between us will be in our mutual self-interest.
我们相信考虑到彼此共同的自身利益的阶段性脱欧进程会更有利，在这种情况下英国、欧盟机构和各成员国将做好准备迎接互利的新安排。

那梅相提出的这12条脱欧目标中，最重要的是什么呢？且听双语君结合BBC的报道给小伙伴儿们分析一下。

❶ 最终怎么脱欧，梅相一人说了不算，还得经过议会投票。

❷ 严格控制移民，以后欧盟国家人民想移民英国可就不容易了。

❸ 想和欧盟签署自由贸易协定，不过铁定不留在单一市场。

❹ 英国要和非欧盟国家之间加强贸易交流，不再局限于欧盟国家，同时强调不会保留完全关税联盟成员身份。

❺ 梅相表示脱欧后，可能还会给欧盟交点钱，不过不会很多，有种终于甩掉大包袱的既视感…

❻ 脱欧这事儿急不得，会分阶段实施，避免处于“分裂断崖边缘”。

整体来说，梅相的这次演讲气势很足，传递出硬脱欧（hard brexit）的信息，下面来看看各方反应。

首先，英镑一改颓势，对美元汇率创新高！一些坐等英镑继续跌的小伙伴儿怕是要哭晕在厕所了……

The pound saw its best day's gain in more than eight years against the dollar on Tuesday, helped by rising inflation and the Prime Minister Theresa May's major speech on Brexit.
周二（英国时间17日），在通货膨胀率增长和梅首相就脱欧问题的关键演讲的帮助下，英镑实现8年多以来对美元汇率最高日增长。

另外，此次演讲也吸引了英国国内外的目光，感觉他们也是盯了很久，终于盼来这次演讲了……

英国自由民主党领导人Tim Farron就毫不留情地指责起梅相来。

After Mrs May's speech, Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron said: "Ripping us out of the single market was not something proposed to the British people. This is a theft of democracy."
梅演讲后，英国自由民主党领导人Tim Farron表示：“把我们拽出单一市场可不是提前和英国人民商量过的。这是盗用民主的行为。”

英国独立党党魁Paul Nuttall表示担忧。

UKIP leader Paul Nuttall said he feared a "slow-motion Brexit", adding: "We want this done quickly."
英国独立党党魁Paul Nuttall表示，他担心“慢动作脱欧”，并补充说：“我们希望这事尽快搞定。”

而一心想留在欧盟，一言不合就脱英的苏格兰反应更是激烈。

A hard Brexit could be a catastrophic failure for the United Kingdom, the direction for the United Kingdom leaving the European Union set out by the UK prime minister is not in Scotland’s national interests, Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said Tuesday.
苏格兰首席大臣Nicola Sturgeon表示，硬脱欧对于英国而言可能是一次灾难性的失败，英国首相设定的英国脱欧方向不符合苏格兰的利益。

She hinted at a second independence referendum, saying Scotland - which voted against Brexit - should have "the ability to choose between that and a different future".
她暗示会有第二次独立公投，苏格兰反对脱欧，应该有“能力在脱欧和一个不同的未来间做出选择。”

对于演讲中特别提到的和爱尔兰的边境问题，爱尔兰政府对此表示欢迎，不过爱尔兰新芬党John O'Dowd表示，梅相只是说得好听而已。

Reacting to the Brexit speech, Sinn Féin John O'Dowd said: "Exiting the single European market, exiting the customs union, creates a hard border on the island of Ireland. Warm words, soft words from Theresa May mean nothing."
就梅相此次脱欧演讲，新芬党John O'Dowd 表示：“脱离单一市场，脱离关税联盟，在爱尔兰群岛创造更严格的边境。特蕾莎·梅暖心的文字毫无意义。”

欧盟领导人对于梅相的此次演讲态度比较积极。

Donald Tusk, the president of the European council, summed up the bloc’s official reaction in a tweet: “Sad process, surrealistic times, but at least more realistic announcement on Brexit. EU27 united and ready to negotiate after article 50.”
欧洲理事会主席Donald Tusk一条推特概括了集团官方的态度：“令人难过的过程，超现实的时代，但至少在脱欧问题上有了更多切实的消息。欧盟27国团结一心，准备好在英国触发里斯本条约第50条后与其进行谈判。”

不过工商业领袖纷纷看衰脱欧计划。

European leaders and industry chiefs welcomed the clarity brought by Theresa May’s Brexit speech, but said the course she had chosen would hurt Britain more than the remaining EU member states.
欧洲领导人和工业领袖欢迎特蕾莎·梅在脱欧演讲中传递出的清晰信号，不过也表示她选择的方式可能会比保留欧盟成员国身份对英国造成的伤害更大。

Volker Treier, of the German chamber of industry and commerce, made it clear that Britain’s departure from the single market and customs union would do substantial damage to business ties between the UK and Germany.
德国工商会Volker Treier明确表示，英国退出单一市场和关税联盟的举动将给英德商业纽带带来巨大破坏。

总之，英国脱欧在即，任何计划都是牵一发而动全身。

那么问题来了，英镑会不会继续涨，苏格兰到底会不会独立呢？还得搬小板凳继续等啊……