正文
专家预测:人工智能来袭,未来哪10类工作饭碗将不保?哪些职业会吃香?
将被AI取代的工作
1.Insurance Underwriters
1.保险代理人
AI system can analyze and interpret all of your data, including unstructured text, images, audio, and video better and faster than a human can.
自动化对保险业的影响已经有所体现。
在日本,福冈人寿保险公司最近用人工智能取代了30位医疗保险索赔代表。这款软件可以比人类能够更好,更快地分析和解释所有数据,包括非结构化文本、图像、音频和视频,并且可以“大大减少”计算福冈人寿保险费用所需的时间。
2.Bank Tellers
2.银行出纳
It’s likely that many of the remaining human-based banking jobs will be finished off by AI.
之前我们就见证过自动提款机(ATM)慢慢抢了银行工作人员的饭碗,然后是智能手机的全面扫荡。
现在慢慢地,银行业为数不多需要人做的工作也会渐渐被人工智能(AI)取代。
AI不仅能处理现金交易,还能开立账户和处理贷款,而且花费的成本和时间比人类工作人员要少很多。人类90%的事情,人工智能都能做到。
3.Financial Analysts
3.财经分析师
财经分析师一度被认为是每家公司不可或缺的角色,他们火眼晶晶,在题发生前就能判明趋势,帮助机构调整投资组合,赚取数十亿美元。
但人类金融分析师显然无法和人工智能财务分析软件竞争,因为后者可以通过大量阅读并识别历史数据,以便预测未来的市场走势。
毫无疑问,未来,大概30%的金融分析师工作会被人工智能取代。
4.Inventory Managers
4.库存经理
As robots become more advanced, they are capable of performing actions that previously required apair of eyeballs, such as managing inventory on a store shelf.
以后,整理超市库存的可能不是人了。
随着机器人越来越先进,它们能够执行以前需要多人合作完成的任务,比如商店货架库存管理等。
未来机器人能够审查货架上的缺货物品(out-of-stock items),错放物品及错误定价。机器人会在过道间来回走动,用多个传感器扫描货架,并将结果告诉其同事。
虽然机器人需要花掉零售商不少钱,但从长远来看,老板能节省数十万到数百万美元,因为与人类不同,机器人不会生病,不需要假期,不需要缴纳社保,只要更新更新软件,稍作训练,就能胜任工作。
5.Taxi Drivers
5.出租车司机
In the next 10 years, cities across the world will have fleets of self-driving taxis.
目前传统出租车司机可能已经感受到了像Uber,滴滴这样公司的挤压(feel the pinch)。
未来,随着自动驾驶的盛行,将不存在司机这样的工作。像Uber这样的汽车共享公司已经迫不及待用自动驾驶来取代人类司机了。
他们说那样的服务会更便宜,利润空间更大,因为再也不用分钱给开车的家伙啦。
在未来的十年中,世界各地的城市将出现自动驾驶出租车。Uber现在就在研发中,新加坡是第一个国家已经有无人驾驶汽车的国家。
6.Manufacturing Workers
6.制造业工人
We will see human manufacturing workforce depleted by robots in the near future.
现在,民粹政客们常常老生常谈,比如美国的那位,就曾说要让制造业回归美国,但这其实是不可能的。
事实上,在中国这样的制造业大国,已经有大量的制造类工作被机器人取代了。比如,代工苹果产品的富士康,就用机器人取代了6万名工人。
7.Movie Stars
7.电影明星
Hollywood has taken a liking to advanced CGI techniques that allow even deceased actors to be resurrected from the dead.
未来,我们可以看到演员会永葆青春,就像他们初次亮相大屏幕一样。
最近,好莱坞热衷于采用先进的计算机绘图技术(computer-generated imagery),这甚至能让已经去世的明星起死回生,出现在大荧幕上。
最著名的例子就是用计算机绘图技术,画出了彼得·库欣,于是我们在《星球大战外传:侠盗一号》中又看到了那位高级星区总督。再比如《星球大战外传:侠盗一号》中的莱娅公主一如1977年星战电影那样年轻,看起来还在21的年纪。
8.Couriers
8.快递员
Couriers and delivery people are already being replaced by drones and robots.
如今,无人机(drones)和机器人已经开始送货了,未来快递员这个行业也要被机器人全面替代,可能一切都是时间早晚的问题。
但同时,这个行业预计到2024年将增长5%,所以这个过程可能不会像你想象的那么快。
9.Proofreaders
9.审校员
There are a lot of technologies out there that make it easy to self-check your own writing.
如今,审校软件无处不在。
比如Microsoft Word就有简单的拼写和语法检查功能,还有诸如海明威APP,和其他很多技术手段可以轻松帮助我们检查拼写。未来,将不再有审校员。
10.Farmers
10.农民
Farmers are being replaced by artificiallyintelligent robots that can do everything.
机器人可以给奶牛喂奶,也能拔莴苣。全美,大概要有100万农民被智能机器取代。
机器人能农场里有超过一百万的农场可以看到他们的工作被智能机器取而代之,这些机器能够给卷心菜除杂草,也能摘苹果。
哪些工作不太可能被人工智能替代呢?
1.Human Resources Managers
1.人力资源经理
被取代几率: 0.55%
理由:
Your company's Human Resources department will likely always need a human at the helm to manage interpersonal conflict with the help of non-cognitive and reasoning skills.
公司的人力资源部门总会需要一个掌舵人,他/她通过非认知和非推力能力管理人际冲突。
The field is projected to grow 9% by 2024 as companies grow and need more robust structures for supporting and helping employees.
预计到2024年,人力资源行业将增长9%,因为将冒出更多的公司,需要更强大的结构来支持和辅助其他员工。
2.Sales Managers
2.销售经理
被取代几率: 1.3%
理由:
Sales managers need a high level of emotional intelligence to hit their quotas each month, network and collaborate with customers, and motivate and encourage the larger sales team.
销售经理往往需要高情商,完成每月任务,和客户沟通,进行协作,鼓励销售团队。
Managers also have to analyze data and interpret trends, and the high levels of intelligence required -- plus the constant need to adapt to new situations --makes this role safe from automation.
他们还必须分析数据并解读趋势。这项工作需要很高的智慧。需要不断适应新情况,这些因素让销售经理暂时比较安全
。
3.Marketing Managers
3.营销经理
被取代几率: 1.4%
理由:
Marketing managers have to interpret data, monitor trends, oversee campaigns, and create content.
营销经理必须会解读数据、监控趋势、监督活动并创建内容。
They also have to nimbly adapt and respond to changes and feedback from the rest of the company and customers, making this another human-forward career AI isn't quite ready to replicate.
他们还必须快速适应,并应对公司其他部分或顾客的反馈。这些技能都是人类所擅长的,人工智能还没办法完全复制。
4.Public Relations Managers
4.公关经理
被取代几率: 1.5%
理由:
Successful PR managers rely on a network of relationships and contacts to procure press placements and buzz for the companies they represent, making this another completely safe role.
成功的公关经理需要靠着关系网和交际网,搞定紧急任务,为公司公关发声明,这些因素让公关经理免遭人工智能碾压。
PR managers who have to raise awareness around an issue or mission need a particularly human touch to raise funds or get people to participate in a campaign, too -- and jobs are expected to grow 7% by 2024.
公关经理需要以人性化的方式来筹措资金,吸引人们参与到活动中来。到2024年,这个行业就业机会预计将增长7%。
5.Chief Executives
5.首席执行官
被取代几率: 1.5%
理由:
It's nearly impossible to automate leadership -- after all, it's hard enough to teach it. Chief executives have to inform broad strategy, represent companies' missions and objectives, andmotivate huge teams of people working for them.
机器人几乎成不了领导,毕竟领导力是很难教授的。首席执行官必须能够制定宏观战略,能代表公司的使命和目标,并激励员工。
Companies may answer to stakeholders and boards of directors, who likely wouldn't want a robot giving them an earnings report, either.
而且,公司股东估计也不想一个机器人给他们做收支报告。
6.Event Planners
6.活动策划师
被取代几率: 3.7 %
理由:
Event planning is a growing field. Whether you'replanning an event for employees, customers, or an industry event with tens of thousands of attendees, the planning process has many, many moving parts involved.
活动策划是个日益庞大的行业。不管是针对员工,还是顾客的活动,亦或行业活动,这其中都需要牵扯大量工作。
Planners have to coordinate and negotiate with vendors, contractors,and freelancers to make things come together, and the organizational and people skills involved will make this another near-impossible role to automate.
活动策划员需要和供应商,承包商和自由职业者做多番沟通和协商,才能搞定。这项工作需要组织能力以及与人打交道的能力,所以这也是机器人无法做到的事情。
7.Writers
7.作家
被取代几率: 3.8 %
理由:
Writers have to ideate, create, and produce original written material. AIs can do some of this with title suggestions, writing prompts, and automated social media messages, but blog posts, books, movies, and plays willlikely be written by humans for the foreseeable future.
作家必须编写、创造、产出原创内容。人工智能可以提供标题建议、撰写提示、发送自动化社交信息。但在可预见的未来,博客、书籍、电影剧本还是得要人来写。
8.Software Developers
8.软件工程师
被取代几率: 4.2 %
理由:
Software engineering and development is hard enough for human beings to do, and the time and skill investment needed to create applications, software, and websites will be tough to replicate -- especially since developers need to execute perfectly to create great products for customers.
软件工程与开发对于人类而言是非常困难的。创建应用程序,软件和网站所需的时间和技能难以复制——特别是开发人员需要根据根据客户要求,执行完美,才能打造出优质产品。
The field is expected to grow by 19% by 2024, so if you're a software developer, you're sitting pretty for now.
到2024年,该领域预计将增长19%,所以如果你是一个软件开发人员,现在正是你大展拳脚的时候。