习近平特朗普同游故宫！那些让特朗普惊叹的殿、楼、斋，用英文怎么说？

昨天下午，美国总统特朗普抵达北京，开始对中国进行为期三天的国事访问。

US President Donald Trump arrived in Beijing on Wednesday afternoon, kicking off a three-day state visit to China.
8日下午，美国总统特朗普抵达北京，开始对中国进行为期三天的国事访问。

这是特朗普就任以来首次访华，也是十九大后中方接待的第一起国事访问。

It is Trump's first visit to China since he assumed the presidency in January. He is the first head of state to visit China since the landmark 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China concluded on Oct. 24.
这是特朗普今年初就任美国总统以来首次访华，也是中共十九大胜利闭幕后中方接待的第一起国事访问。

特朗普离开韩国启程飞往中国前，就发了一条推特表达自己的期待之情。

 

 

“即将离开韩国启程前往中国，非常期待与习主席会面，并和习主席在一起。”

所以特朗普访华的第一天有哪些精彩亮点？双语君这就带你来看看！

宝蕴楼 Hall of Embodied Treasures

特朗普抵达北京后，第一站就去了故宫。

据新华社报道，习近平主席和夫人彭丽媛在故宫博物院迎接了特朗普和夫人梅拉尼娅。

 

 

两国元首夫妇在宝蕴楼简短茶叙。

President Xi Jinping and first lady Peng Liyuan met for tea with visiting US President Donald Trump and his wife, Melania. The informal meeting took place at the Hall of Embodied Treasures during Trump's tour of the Palace Museum.

习近平热烈欢迎特朗普来华国事访问，感谢特朗普全家今年4月在海湖庄园的热情接待。

 
摄影：新华社记者谢环驰

特朗普则用平板电脑向习近平夫妇展示了外孙女阿拉贝拉用中文演唱歌曲、背《三字经》和古诗的视频。

习主席夸奖阿拉贝拉中文水平进步，说可以打“A+”，还说她在中国已成为小明星，希望她也能有机会来中国。

 
特朗普的外孙女阿拉贝拉

Trump showed Xi and Peng a video of his granddaughter, Arabella, reciting Sanzijing (Three Character Classic) and ancient Chinese poetry. The Chinese president complimented her language skills, saying her performance was “A plus”.

Xi said Arabella - the daughter of Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner - is already a starlet in China, and that he hopes she will have the chance to visit the country.

 
摄影：新华社记者兰红光

也许很多小伙伴对于两国元首夫妇进行茶叙的宝蕴楼还不太熟悉，我们来介绍一下。

宝蕴楼：从“文物库房”到“院史展厅”

 

 

The Hall of Embodied Treasures was built in 1914 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
宝蕴楼建于1914年，彼时清朝已灭亡。

After Puyi abdicated the throne, he was allowed to live within the Forbidden City, but administration of the palaces was taken over by Beiyang government of China.
溥仪退位后居住于紫禁城内廷，外朝由北洋政府接管。

Cultural relics from other properties formerly owned by the royal family, such as Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei province and Shenyang Imperial Palace in Liaoning province, were then moved to the Forbidden City. Consequently, the Hall of Embodied Treasures was built as a warehouse to store these relics.
当时，北洋政府将承德离宫、沈阳故宫两处所藏宝器运至紫禁城，并修建了宝蕴楼作为文物库房。

 

 

It is now used as an exhibition hall to give a panoramic introduction to the Forbidden City’s history during its years as a museum.
如今，宝蕴楼已由“文物库房”变身“院史展厅”，为游客全方位介绍故宫博物院的历史。

前三殿

茶叙过后，两国元首夫妇来到了恢宏壮丽的故宫前三殿。两国元首夫妇经内金水桥，穿过太和门，在太和殿广场合影。

 

 

随后，他们沿故宫中轴线，依次参观了太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。习近平沿途向特朗普介绍故宫的历史、建筑和文化。

They walked along the museum's central axis, also the axial line of Beijing, and visited three main halls of the Forbidden City.

特朗普惊叹故宫建筑群的蔚为壮观，不时兴趣盎然地驻足凝望，仔细品味着朱墙黄瓦，雕梁画栋，更对底蕴深厚、内涵丰富的中国传统文化深表赞叹。

 

 

During the tour of the ancient palace, Xi briefed the visiting couple on the museum's history, architecture and culture, which received high praise from them.

据故宫博物院院长单霁翔介绍，这是故宫博物院90多年来第一次由中方和外方的元首夫妇，四个人一同来参观故宫博物院。

 

 

前三殿是指太和殿、中和殿和保和殿，是北京城中轴线上最恢宏壮丽的建筑篇章。双语君为你分别介绍它们：

太和殿

 

 

俗称“金銮殿”：紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇

Covering an area of 2,377 square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the biggest and most important piece of architecture in the Forbidden City.
太和殿占地2377平方米，是故宫规模最大、也最重要的建筑。

 

 

It was first built in 1420, but was destroyed by fire and rebuilt several times. The current structure dates to 1695 during the reign of Kangxi (1662-1722). It was mainly used for the imperial palace's major rituals and ceremonies.
它始建于1420年，自建成后屡遭焚毁，又多次重建。今天所见为清代康熙三十四年（1695年）重建后的形制。太和殿的主要用途是举行宫中盛大的典礼和仪式。

 
背景为太和殿檐角的走兽

在它的每个檐角都安放着10只走兽，而其他建筑最多只能有9个，这反映了太和殿在故宫所有建筑中崇高的地位。

中和殿

 

 

位于太和殿、保和殿之间

中和殿始建于1420年，今日所见的中和殿要追溯到明朝嘉靖年间（1522-1566）。

 

 

The Hall of Central Harmony was used as a preparation room for the emperor before he attended sacrifices or other rituals, not only in the Forbidden City but at other imperial institutions as well, such as the Temple of Heaven.
皇帝参加在故宫以及故宫之外的皇家场所（如天坛）的祭祀活动或其他典礼之前，会先来到中和殿做准备。

保和殿

 

 

明清两代用途不同

The Hall of Preserving Harmony was also first built in 1420. Though once badly damaged by fire, the main structure can still be dated to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
保和殿也建于1420年。虽然曾在大火中严重受损，但其主体建筑依然可追溯至明朝（1368-1644）。

 

 
保和殿后巨大的云龙纹石雕御路

It was used for different functions throughout history, such as Chinese New Year banquets and royal weddings.
保和殿在历史上曾用作不同用途，例如新年宴会和皇家婚礼。

保和殿于明清两代用途不同，明代大典前皇帝常在此更衣，清代每年除夕、正月十五，皇帝赐外藩、王公及一二品大臣宴，赐额驸之父、有官职家属宴及每科殿试等均于保和殿举行。

故宫文物医院 Cultural Relic Hospital

参观完前三殿后，两国元首夫妇来到了故宫文物医院。

President Xi Jinping and first lady Peng Liyuan accompanied US President Donald Trump and his wife, Melania, to watch craftsmen repair relics at Palace Museum.

 

 

两国元首夫妇先后观赏了钟表、木器、金属器、陶瓷、纺织品、书画等文物修复技艺展示，并共同观看了珍品文物展。

习近平和夫人彭丽媛邀请特朗普夫妇体验书画装裱工序的关键环节——托画心。

 

 

看过去年热播纪录片《我在故宫修文物》的朋友一定也会对故宫文物医院感兴趣的吧。

故宫文物医院：世界最大文物保护中心之一

 

 

Built in 2016 as a conservation center for the museum's cultural relics, the building covers an area of 13,000 square meters – stretching 361 meters south from the Forbidden City's northwest turret.
故宫文物医院始建于2016年，是博物馆文物保护中心。其建筑面积为1.3万平方米，自紫禁城西北角楼处向南延伸，全长361米。

 

 

It claims to be one of world's biggest and best-equipped conservation centers for cultural relics. The facility features a training center for the International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works to nurture more international expertise on the protection of Chinese cultural relics.
它是目前世界上最大、设备最先进的文物保护中心之一。该处设有国际文物修护学会培训中心，为中国文物保护培养更多国际人才。

 

 

 

In 2016, a three-episode documentary called Masters in the Forbidden City that profiled the work of museum conservators went viral in China and was adapted into a feature-length film, making conservation of cultural relics a popular topic among the Chinese public.
2016年，三集纪录片《我在故宫修文物》在中国热播，该片展现了故宫文物修护人员的工作。随后，这部纪录片还被改编成了电影，一时间文物保护在国内成为热门话题。

畅音阁 Pavilion of Cheerful Melodies

红日衔山，华灯初上，两国元首夫妇转入畅音阁。

 

 

 

两国元首夫妇观看了《梨园春苗》、《美猴王》、《贵妃醉酒》三个精彩剧目。来宾们阵阵掌声和声声喝彩不绝于耳。

 

 

演出结束后，两国元首夫妇同参加演出的演员们合影。

 

 

President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan accompanied US President Donald Trump and his wife, Melania, to watch Peking Opera at the Palace Museum.

畅音阁：宫中看戏圣地

 

 

The 20.7-meter-high Pavilion of Cheerful Melodies was built from 1772 to 1776 as the biggest theater in the Forbidden City. It was exclusively used for major celebrations and festivals, with spectators enjoying the performances from seats in the building to the north of the pavilion.
畅音阁建于1772年至1776年，高20.7米，是故宫内最大的戏台，专为重大节庆演戏时所用，观戏者可于戏台北部看台观看演出。

 

 

The three-story pavilion is equipped with many different types of apparatus that can create dramatic effects during performances. The area is now used as a gallery to display Chinese opera-related cultural relics of the royal court.
这个三层的戏台内配有多种设施，可打造出戏剧化的舞台效果。如今，该区域被用作宫廷戏剧相关的文物展厅。

 

 

Following a long hiatus due to its restoration, the pavilion once again hosted a show of traditional Chinese operas and folk music in September as part of the Taihe Forum on Protecting the World's Ancient Civilizations.
经过一段长时间的修复，今年9月，畅音阁重新开馆。在“太和·世界古代文明保护”论坛期间，畅音阁再次上演了中国传统戏曲剧目。

今天，我们跟着特朗普把故宫的主要景点都逛了一遍，如果觉得不过瘾，双语君还准备了一些游览故宫必备英文词汇，拿好不谢！

午门 Meridian Gate

太和门 Gate of Supreme Harmony

干清门 Gate of Heavenly Purity

神武门 Gate of Divine Prowess

东华门 East Prosperity Gate

太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony

中和殿 Hall of Central Harmony

保和殿 Hall of Preserving Harmony

养心殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation

交泰殿 Hall of Union

中正殿 Hall of Rectitude

奉先殿 Hall of Ancestral Worship

武英殿 Hall of Martial Valor

皇极殿 Hall of Imperial Zenith

干清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity

坤宁宫 Palace of Earthly Tranquility

翊坤宫 Palace of Earthly Honor

永和宫 Palace of Eternal Harmony

慈宁宫 Palace of Compassion and Tranquility

永寿宫 Palace of Eternal Longevity

钟翠宫 Palace of Accumulated Purity

景仁宫 Palace of Great Benevolence

储秀宫 Palace of Gathered Elegance

宁寿宫 Palace of Tranquil Longevity

咸福宫 Palace of Universal Happiness

寿康宫 Palace of Longevity and Health

金水桥 The Golden Water Bridge

珍妃井 Well of Pearl Concubine

御花园 The Imperial Garden

角楼 Arrow towers (turrets)

九龙壁 Nine-dragon Screen Wall

万春亭 Pavilion of Myriad Springtimes

千秋亭 Pavilion of One Thousand Autumns

斋 studio, lodge, etc

轩 bower

楼 building, sanctuary, hall

堂 hall

馆 lodge, hall

亭 pavilion