正文

“正义（justice）”一词被评为韦氏词典2018年度词汇

2018-12-20来源:和谐英语

用一个单词总结2018，你首先会想到哪个？韦氏词典编辑出版商美国韦氏出版公司17日在社交媒体上宣布，justice被评为该词典2018年度词汇。

Racial justice. Obstruction of justice. Social justice. The Justice Department. Merriam-Webster has chosen "justice" as its 2018 word of the year, driven by the churning news cycle over months and months.

韦氏词典近日公布其2018年度词汇为justice（司法、正义）。这是由于连月来有关种族正义、妨碍司法、社会正义、美国司法部的新闻不断涌现。

The word follows "toxic," picked by Oxford Dictionaries, and "misinformation," plucked by Dictonary.com.

在此之前，牛津辞典选择的2018年度词汇是“toxic”（有毒的），Dictionary.com网站选择的是“misinformation”（虚假信息）。

另外，柯林斯词典选择的是“single-use”（一次性的）。

Peter Sokolowski, Merriam-Webster's editor at large, told The Associated Press ahead of Monday's announcement that "justice" consistently bubbled into the top 20 or 30 lookups on the company's website, spiking at times due to specific events but also skating close to the surface for much of the year.

在17日公布年度词汇之前，韦氏词典特约编辑彼得·索科洛夫斯基告诉美联社说，在即将过去的一年里，这个英文词汇持续成为韦氏词典网站上搜索量最高的20至30个单词之一，有时会因为特殊事件而排名提升，而在大部分时间里也位于前列。

editor at large:特约编辑、自由撰稿人

While it's one of those common words people likely know how to spell and use correctly in a sentence, Sokolowski pointed to other reasons that drive search traffic. Among them is an attempt to focus a train of thought around a philosophical problem, or to seek aspirational motivation. Such well-known words are often among the most looked up every year, including those that are slightly abstract, including "love," he said.

虽然人们都知道justice这类常见词的拼写和用法，但索科洛夫斯基指出导致这个常见词搜索量上升还有一些其他原因。其中包括民众集中地对一个哲学问题进行思考，或是寻找动力来源。他说，一些为人熟知的词汇常常会位于每年的查询榜前列，包括有些抽象的词汇，例如“love”（爱）。

在2018年间，美国联邦最高法院大法官卡瓦诺提名战、司法部特别检察官米勒主持“通俄”调查、总统特朗普遭遇“妨碍司法”质疑以及回避“通俄”调查的司法部长塞申斯去职等事件，广受美国民众关注。

The designation for "justice" came soon after President Trump's one-time fixer, Michael Cohen, was sentenced to three years in prison for crimes that included arranging the payment of hush money to conceal his boss' alleged sexual affairs.

在韦氏词典年度词汇公布前不久，特朗普前私人律师迈克尔-科恩被判刑三年，被控的罪名包括向据称与特朗普有染的女性支付封口费。

hush money：封口费

It also came ahead of a Senate vote on the "First Step Act," a criminal justice reform bill with broad bipartisan support. Earlier in the year, Kim Kardashian West not once but twice paid a White House visit on Trump to discuss prison and sentencing reform. Sentencing for drug crimes, a loosening of cannabis laws, a Tesla probe: Justice will remain top of mind into the new year.

美国参议院即将对“第一步法案”，即一项刑事司法改革法案投票，这一法案获得了广泛的两党支持。今年早些时候，金·卡戴珊曾两次前往白宫与特朗普讨论监狱和刑期改革。另外，有关毒品犯罪的量刑、放松对大麻的法律，一项对特斯拉的调查，等等，会让justice在明年仍然热门。

"These are stories that connect to the culture and to society across races, across classes," Sokolowski said.

索科洛夫斯基说：“这些故事有关文化，有关跨越种族和阶层的社会。”

Searches for "justice" throughout the year, when compared to 2017, were up 74 percent on the site that has more than 100 million page views a month and nearly half a million entries, Sokolowski said.

索科洛夫斯基表示，与2017年相比，韦氏词典网站上justice一词的全年搜索量增加了74%。该网站为近50万个单词提供英文释义，每月页面浏览量超过1亿。

To be word of the year worthy, an entry has to show both a high volume of traffic and a significant year-over-year increase in lookups.

他说，要成为年度词汇，一个词汇的搜索量不仅数量要大，还要有明显的年增长。

入选今年韦氏词典十大热门词汇的还有：

excelsior：精益求精。“漫威之父”斯坦-李漫画作品经典结束语。

lodestar：北极星。《纽约时报》刊登匿名文章，作者在文章中特别提到了过世的重量级参议员麦凯恩是一颗北极星（lodestar）。

maverick：特立独行的人。美国参议员麦凯恩以立场独立而闻名。《纽约时报》的讣告将他称为“Maverick”。

respect：“灵魂歌后”艾瑞莎·弗兰克林的代表作，她在今年8月去世。

pansexual：不确定自己的性取向的“泛性恋”。美国歌舞剧演员、歌手加奈儿·梦奈在今年宣布自己是泛性恋。

Epiphany：韩国流行男团防弹少年团成员金硕珍录唱的一首流行摇滚歌曲。

pissant：无足轻重的人，一位电台主持人用它来形容汤姆-布拉迪的女儿。

feckless：加拿大喜剧演员骂特朗普女儿伊万卡的脏话。