研究显示 25岁和55岁最具创新力

A new study of winners of the Nobel Prize in economics finds that there are two different life cycles of creativity, one that hits some people early in their career and another that more often strikes later in life.
一项对历届诺贝尔经济学奖得主的新研究发现，人的生命中有两个创新周期：一个出现在职业发展早期，而另一个往往出现在生命的后期。

In this study, the early peak was found for laureates in their mid-20s and the later peak for those in their mid-50s.
这项研究发现，诺奖得主们创新力的第一个巅峰出现在25岁左右，第二个出现在55岁左右。

The Nobel Prize winners who did their most groundbreaking work early in their career tended to be "conceptual" innovators.
在职业生涯早期阶段取得突破性成就的诺奖得主往往是“概念式”创新者。

These type of innovators "think outside the box," challenging conventional wisdom and tend to come up with new ideas suddenly.
这一类型的创新者的想法不拘一格，他们往往灵光乍现，能够挑战传统智慧。

But there is another kind of creativity which is found among "experimental" innovators.
但还有另一种创新，适用于“经验式”创新者。

These innovators accumulate knowledge through their careers and find groundbreaking ways to analyze, interpret and synthesize that information into new ways of understanding.
这类创新者通过在职业生涯中不断积累知识，找到分析、解释和综合信息的突破性方法，从而对事物有了全新的理解。

The long periods of trial and error required for important experimental innovations make them tend to occur late in a Nobel laureate's career.
重要的实验创新往往需要长期反复试错，这一类创新往往出现在诺奖得主职业生涯的后期。