彪悍也要有度！俄罗斯立法禁止饲养鳄鱼狮子等危险宠物

民风彪悍的俄罗斯人敢于在家中饲养各种危险宠物，也因此酿成了不少惨剧。前苏联一名建筑师曾因喂养美洲狮，造成他14岁的儿子被活活咬死，老婆的头皮被咬掉。

鉴于近期危险宠物伤人案高发，俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫签署了一项法令，禁止民众在家饲养鳄鱼、熊、老虎、狮子等大型食肉动物和眼镜蛇、蝎子等有毒生物作为宠物，新法令将于2020年1月1日生效。

Crocodiles, bears, lions, apes, cobras and scorpions, as well as other large predators and poisonous creatures, are now the subject of a ban from being kept as pets in Russia, to safeguard the health of both ‘owner’ and animal.

鳄鱼、熊、狮子、猿猴、眼镜蛇、蝎子还有其他大型食肉动物和有毒生物现在都被禁止在俄罗斯当做宠物来饲养，目的是为了保护宠物主人和动物双方的健康。

Such beasts pose dangers to people, while apartments or country houses differ greatly from the natural habitats of the animals, a difference that “may affect their health negatively, even causing death,” a new act, signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on Friday, reads.

俄罗斯总理德米特里·梅德韦杰夫上周五签署的新法案中写道，这些野兽会对人身安全造成威胁，另一方面城市公寓和乡村房屋与动物的自然栖息地差异巨大，这种差异“可能会危害动物的健康，甚至会导致动物死亡”。

Large predators such as bears, wolves, lions, tigers, lynxes and others are among the species to benefit from the new protections. The ban also includes crocodiles and carnivore turtles, Komodo Dragons, bearded lizards and other reptiles. Also set to get a new lease on life are snakes such as cobras and pythons, as well as many poisonous arachnids, including scorpions and tarantulas.

熊、狼、狮子、老虎、猞猁和其他大型食肉动物均受益于这一新保护法令。该禁令涉及的动物还包括鳄鱼、食肉龟、科莫多巨蜥、鬃狮蜥和其他爬行动物。同样获得保护的还有眼镜蛇、蟒蛇等蛇类和包括蝎子、狼蛛在内的许多有毒蛛形纲动物。

Aquarium lovers should forget about putting sharks or manta rays in their household fish tanks from now on, with coral polyps also outlawed in the home. Penguins, pelicans, owls, falcons and some species of ostriches have been added to the list of birds banned from homesteads.

从今以后，养鱼爱好者不能在自家鱼缸里养鲨鱼或魔鬼鱼，在家饲养珊瑚虫也被视为违法。企鹅、鹈鹕、猫头鹰、猎鹰和几种鸵鸟也被禁止作为宠物来饲养。

Chimpanzees, baboons and other apes and monkeys have also been forbidden from being kept at home, with the Barbary ape (magot) being the only exception.

黑猩猩、狒狒和其他猿猴类动物也被禁止在家饲养，只有叟猴（无尾狝猴）除外。

The legislation doesn’t mean that people will now be parted with their dangerous and vulnerable pets. The ban comes into force on January 1, 2020, with all animals on the new schedule that had been purchased before that date to remain with their owners until they die.

新法令不意味着人们现在就要和危险脆弱的宠物分别了。这项禁令将于2020年1月1日生效，新法案涉及的所有动物，凡是在这一日期前购买的，都可以和主人生活在一起，直到死去。

The government’s new blacklist also won’t affect zoos, circuses, aquariums and other specialized environments operated by professional organizations.

政府新发布的这一“黑名单”不会影响动物园、马戏团、水族馆和其他由专业机构运营的专业环境。

Famous Russian animal expert and veteran TV host Nikolay Drozdov has fully backed the ban, saying that keeping poisonous snakes and large predators at home is “unacceptable” as, sooner or later, it ends in a tragedy.

俄罗斯著名动物专家、资深电视主持人尼古拉·德罗兹多夫对这一禁令表示绝对支持，他说，在家养毒蛇和大型食肉动物“不可接受”而且迟早会酿成悲剧。

He recalled the famous story of the Berberov family, who lived with lions and a cougar in their apartment in the city of Baku (now the capital of Azerbaijan) in the 1970s. Just like their pet animals, who starred in several movies, they were celebrities in the Soviet Union.

他回忆起著名的伯伯洛夫一家的故事。20世纪70年代这家人在巴库市（现为阿塞拜疆首都）的公寓中养过狮子和美洲豹。这些动物曾出演过几部电影，和他们的宠物一样，这家人在前苏联也是名人。

But their lion attacked a man and had to be shot dead, Drozdov said. “But then they got another lion after that, and a cougar, which killed their [14-year-old] boy and scalped the female owner.”

德罗兹多夫说，但是他们的狮子袭击了一名男子，不得不被击毙。“但后来他们又养了另外一只狮子和一只美洲豹，后者杀死了家中的14岁男孩，还咬掉了女主人的头皮。”

There’s been an increase recently in Russia in reports of carnivore pets attacking their owners or other people. Earlier this year, a domesticated bear mauled a woman’s hand in the Far East.

近日俄罗斯所报道的食肉宠物袭击主人或其他人的案件增多了。今年早些时候，远东地区一头家养的熊咬伤了一名女子的手。

maul[mɔl]: v. 袭击，撕咬

The inability to provide proper conditions and nutrition for the beasts also led to complaints from animal rights activists, and to public outrage. Such negligence also saw animals escaping from their owners, creating a real threat to local populations.

宠物主人无法为野兽提供适当的生存条件和营养，这也招致了动物权利保护者的抱怨，还引发了公愤。此外，由于疏于看管，一些动物还从主人家中逃脱，给当地人的安全造成严重威胁。