美国又“退群” 宣布退出世界卫生组织

联合国秘书长发言人迪雅里克7月7日证实，美国已于7月6日正式通知联合国秘书长古特雷斯，将于明年7月退出世界卫生组织。这一正式的退出通知，为特朗普政府数月来持续威胁退出世卫组织的闹剧画上了句号。

President Donald Trump has formally moved to withdraw the US from the World Health Organization (WHO).

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普采取行动，正式宣布美国退出世界卫生组织。

The president had made his intentions clear in late May. Despite calls from the EU and others, he said he would pull out of the UN agency and redirect funds elsewhere.

特朗普总统在5月下旬就明确表示了他的意图。他不顾欧盟和其他国家的呼吁，表示美国将撤出这个联合国机构，并将资金投入到其他机构。

He has now notified the UN and Congress of his intentions, although the process could take at least a year.

他已通知联合国和美国国会，美国正式退出世卫组织，不过这个过程可能需要至少一年的时间。

Stéphane Dujarric, spokesman for the UN secretary-general, confirmed the US had notified it of its withdrawal, effective as of 6 July 2021.

联合国秘书长发言人斯特凡纳·迪雅里克证实，美国已通知联合国将退出世卫组织，并将于2021年7月6日生效。

Senator Robert Menendez, the leading Democrat on the Foreign Relations Committee, also wrote on Twitter: "Congress received notification that POTUS officially withdrew the US from the WHO in the midst of a pandemic.

美国国会参议院外交关系委员会的民主党领袖罗伯特·梅嫩德斯也在推特上写道：“美国总统已通知国会，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，美国将正式退出世卫组织。”

"It leaves Americans sick and America alone."

“这让美国人深陷疾病，让美国孤立无援。”

 2020年3月27日，工作人员在美国洛杉矶的新型冠状病毒免下车检测站工作。（图片来源：新华社）

A senior US administration official told CBS News that Washington had detailed the reforms that it wanted the WHO to make and engaged with it directly, but that the WHO had refused to act.

一位美国政府高级官员告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻频道，美国已经详细说明了希望世卫组织进行的改革，并与之直接接触，但世卫组织拒绝采取行动。

"Because they have failed to make the requested and greatly needed reforms, we will be today terminating our relationship," the official was quoted as saying.

这位官员说：“因为他们没有做出我们所要求的和迫切需要的改革，我们今天正式宣布退出。”

Joe Biden, who will challenge Donald Trump in the November presidential election, tweeted: "On my first day as President, I will rejoin the WHO and restore our leadership on the world stage."

将在11月总统大选中向唐纳德·特朗普发起挑战的乔·拜登在推特上说：“在我成为总统的第一天，我将重新加入世卫组织，恢复美国在世界舞台上的领导地位。”

The US is the global health agency's largest single contributor, providing more than $400m in 2019, around 15% of its total budget.

美国是世卫组织最大的单一捐助国，在2019年向世卫组织提供了4亿多美元（约合人民币28亿元），约占其总预算的15%。

Under a Congress resolution in 1948, the US can withdraw but must give a year's notice and should pay outstanding fees, although it is unclear where Mr Trump stands on that. Mr Dujarric stressed that those conditions should be met.

根据美国国会1948年的一项决议，美国可以退出世卫组织，但必须提前一年通知，并付清未付费用，尽管目前还不清楚特朗普总统对此的立场。迪雅里克强调美国应满足这些条件。

outstanding[aʊtˈstændɪŋ] adj.：未偿付的

The withdrawal will call into question the WHO's financial viability and the future of its many programs promoting healthcare and tackling disease.

美国的退出将使人们对世卫组织的财务可行性以及其促进医疗保健和应对疾病的许多项目的未来产生疑问。

特朗普总统如何评价世卫组织？

He first announced in April that he was going to halt US funding for the WHO unless it undertook "substantive improvements" within 30 days.

今年4月，特朗普总统首次宣布，除非世卫组织在30天内取得“实质性改革”，否则他将停止美国对世卫组织的资助。

Then in late May he said: "We will be terminating our relationship with the World Health Organization and directing those funds" to other global public health charities.

他随后在5月底表示：“我们将终止与世卫组织的关系，并将资金转用于”其他全球公共卫生慈善机构。

Other countries, including Germany and the UK, have said they have no intention of withdrawing funding from the WHO, which is co-ordinating a global initiative to develop a vaccine against Covid-19

包括德国和英国在内的其他国家表示，他们无意撤回对世卫组织的资金支持。世卫组织正在协调开发新冠肺炎疫苗的一项全球行动。

世卫组织背景知识

Founded in 1948 and based in Geneva, Switzerland, it is the UN agency responsible for global public health

世卫组织成立于1948年，总部设在瑞士日内瓦，是联合国负责全球公共卫生的机构；

Has 194 member states, and aims to "promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable"

世卫组织有194个会员国，致力于“促进健康、维护世界安全和服务弱势群体”；

Involved in vaccination campaigns, health emergencies and supporting countries in primary care

世卫组织参与疫苗接种活动、应对卫生紧急情况和支持会员国的基本保健；

Funded by a combination of members' fees based on wealth and population and voluntary contributions

资金来源于基于财富和人口计算的会费和自愿捐款。