年轻时心肺健康能降低老年患癌风险

研究发现，年轻时心肺健康的人，年老时患癌症的风险更低。但是，专家也指出，为了健康而锻炼永远不会太晚，哪怕是做家务也是一种锻炼。

Being fit earlier in life is associated with a reduced risk, in some cases of up to 42%, of developing nine different types of cancer in later life, according to a large long-term study.

一项大型长期研究显示，年轻时身强体健可以降低年老时患上9种不同癌症的风险，某些情况下甚至能将风险降低42%之多。

The new study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, drew from data from more than 1 million male Swedish conscripts between 16 and 25, who were followed for an average of 33 years from 1968 to 2005. The results suggested that good cardiorespiratory fitness – an individual’s ability to engage in sustained aerobic exercises such as running, cycling, and swimming – was associated with a 42% reduced risk of lung cancer, a 40% reduced risk of liver cancer and a 39% reduced risk of oesophageal cancer.

这项发表在《英国运动医学》杂志上的新研究查看了超100万名16岁至25岁瑞典男性士兵的数据，从1968年到2005年这些人被跟踪调查平均长达33年。结果表明，心肺健康的人患肺癌、肝癌和食管癌的风险分别降低42%、40%和39%。心肺健康意味着能够从事跑步、骑车、游泳等持续的有氧运动。

It was also associated with a lower risk of head and neck, stomach, pancreatic bowel and kidney cancer.

年轻时心肺健康的人，头部和颈部、胃部、胰腺、肠道和肾发生癌症的风险也更低。

Reducing cancer risk is not the only reason to exercise. There are compound benefits across emotional health and preventing cardiovascular disease. The lead researcher, Dr Aron Onerup, said “some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes”, and emphasised that it is never too late to get fit to reap health protective benefits.

降低癌症风险并不是锻炼的唯一理由。锻炼能够提升整体的情感健康水平，预防心血管疾病。该研究的首席研究员阿伦·奥内洛普博士表示，“有锻炼比没有强，锻炼得越多，身体就越健康”，他还强调，为了健康而锻炼永远不会太晚。

As for how much exercise, Dr Claire Knight, senior health information manager at Cancer Research UK, recommended 150 minutes of exercise a week, but said: “You don’t need to run a marathon or join a gym – anything that gets you warmer, slightly out of breath, and your heart beating faster counts.

那么需要多大的运动量才能有效果？英国癌症研究院的高级健康信息主管克莱尔·奈特博士建议每周锻炼150分钟，但是他指出：“你不需要跑马拉松或去健身馆，只要能让你热起来、稍微有点气喘、心脏加速的活动都可以。”

"It doesn’t matter if you go for a brisk walk, a cycle with a friend, or even get the housework done, these could all count as ways to be active.”

“无论是快步走，还是和朋友一起骑车，甚至是做家务，这些都是锻炼。”