美国情报界闹内讧

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

主持人瑞秋·马丁：

The intelligence committees in Congress deal with some of the country’s most sensitive secrets, and they’re expected to place national security above partisan politics. Yet the House Intelligence Committee is engaged in a bitter free-for-all over competing memos about the Russia investigation. NPR’s Greg Myre looks at how it got to this point.

“美国国会情报委员会处理着这个国家许多最为敏感的秘密，外界期待他们摒弃党派之争专注于维护国家安全。一份记录了对俄罗斯调查过程的备忘录对外公布，其倾轧之意过于明显，情报委员会陷入风口浪尖。国家公共电台的格雷格·梅耶尔将带您了解此事经过。”

GREG MYRE, BYLINE: In 1975, Idaho Senator Frank Church presided over a landmark investigation of U.S. intelligence agencies. As it opened, he signaled what was to come.

格雷格·梅耶尔（热线连接）：“1975年， 爱达荷州议员弗兰克·丘奇主持了一场针对美国情报机构的调查，这场调查意义非凡。调查开始时，他指出了即将发生的变化。”

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案片段）

FRANK CHURCH: Such is the government’s potential for monitoring any telephone conversation, any telegram, any unguarded conversation. There would, in a word, be no place left to hide.

弗兰克·丘奇：“这就是政府的潜力，监控任何电话、电报、无保护对话的潜力。用一句话概括就是未来的监控没有死角。”

MYRE: Decades of government secrets then came pouring out - how the CIA plotted to kill foreign leaders, the FBI and the military spied on U.S. citizens, the National Security Agency collected telephone data on Americans, private mail was systematically opened.

梅耶尔：“政府尘封数十年的秘密重现天日：中央情报局如何密谋杀害外国领导人；联邦调查局与军方如何监控美国公民；国家安全署收集美国人的手机数据；私人邮件在系统中遭到翻阅。”

LOCH JOHNSON: To our astonishment, all kinds of things came crawling out from under the rocks.

洛克·约翰逊：“令人震惊的是所有秘密逐渐浮出水面。”

MYRE: That’s Loch Johnson, then a top assistant to Church. The upshot of those hearings was the creation of the Senate and the House Intelligence Committees. For the first time, intelligence agencies would face real scrutiny, notes Johnson, now a University of Georgia professor and the author of the new book "Spy Watching: Intelligence Accountability In The United States."

梅耶尔：“刚刚发言的是 ，是丘奇的首席助理洛克·约翰逊。 这份备忘录正是出自参议院情报委员会和众议院情报委员会之手。约翰逊指出，情报机构首次面临着实实在在的检查。约翰逊如今是乔治大学的教授，出版了新书《间谍正在监控：美国情报问责制》。

JOHNSON: We were optimistic that these panels were, first, necessary and, second, were going to work well. And after a while, there was quite a spirit of bipartisanship.

约翰逊：“我们的想法很乐观：首先这些委员会十分必要，其次它们运转良好。一段时间过后就会孕育出两党合作的精神。”

MYRE: In the four decades since, these committees have sometimes worked as planned and sometimes not.

梅耶尔：“四十年来，这些委员会有时按计划行事，有时却并非如此。”

JOHN PRADOS: It has been a constant kind of pendulum swing in terms of enforcing oversight.

约翰·普拉多斯：“在实施监督方面持续存在着摇摆不定的情况。”

MYRE: John Prados is at the National Security Archive, a Washington group that studies the intelligence community. He says these committees have at times exercised real power.

梅耶尔：“约翰·普拉多斯来自国家保密档案馆，国家保密档案馆位于华盛顿，其研究对象正是美国情报界。他说这些委员会曾一度握有实权。”

PRADOS: They were able to overturn three successive Clinton nominations to become the head of the CIA because of objections that were put by the Senate Intelligence Committee.

普拉多斯：“由于参议院情报委员会反对，克林顿对于中央情报局局长候选人的提名连续三次遭到否决。”

MYRE: Yet even when Republicans and Democrats work together, they can face serious pushback from the intelligence agencies. Johnson recalls a dinner with William Casey, the CIA director under President Ronald Reagan. He asked the notoriously gruff Casey what role Congress should play.

梅耶尔：“然而一旦共和党人和民主党人携手合作，他们便足以面对情报机构带来的巨大阻力。约翰逊回忆说，自己曾和里根总统任命的中央情报局局长威廉姆·凯西共进晚餐，询问凯西国会应该起到什么作用。”

JOHNSON: He used some very naughty words but in essence said the job of Congress is to stay out of my way.

约翰逊：“他的用词充满戏谑口吻，但是从本质上说他认为国会不应该碍他的事。”

MYRE: Casey was not alone. A recurring grievance in the intelligence community is that both parties freely leak classified material. Today’s multisided battle involves Republicans, Democrats, the intelligence community and the White House. In the House Intelligence Committee, Republicans, led by Devin Nunes of California, have released a memo accusing the FBI of abuses in the Russia investigation. The FBI has strongly objected. Democrats have countered with their own memo about the investigation, though President Trump has so far blocked its release. Here’s Johnson again.

梅耶尔：“持这种观点的并非只有凯西一人。由于两党随意泄露经过分级的材料，情报界对此怨愤频生。如今这场多方战役涉及到了共和党人、民主党人、情报界和白宫。在众议院情报委员会，来自加利福尼亚州的德文·努内斯领导下的共和党披露了一份备忘录，指责联邦调查局在针对俄罗斯的调查中滥用职权。联邦调查局对此提出强烈反对。民主党人搬出自己的调查备忘录予以反击，然而目前特朗普总统禁止发布这份备忘录。以下仍由约翰逊进行讲述。”

JOHNSON: Honestly, it’s rather sad for me to see what’s happened with the House Intelligence Committee.

约翰逊：“老实说，看到众议院情报委员会发生的事，我感到悲哀。”

MYRE: Still, he says the Senate committee has carried out its Russia investigation in a bipartisan spirit. Congress has the tools, Johnson says, and it’s up to the members whether they do the job that Frank Church and his committee intended.

梅耶尔：“他仍然表示参议院的情报委员会本着两党合作精神开展了针对俄罗斯的调查。约翰逊说国会掌握着工具，是否完成弗兰克·丘奇和其委员会的意图取决于国会成员。”

Greg Myre, NPR News, Washington.

国家公共电台格雷格·梅耶尔于华盛顿报道。