大学英语四级考试巅峰听力MP3与字幕文本下载 Track 20

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[00:00.65]Passage One
[00:02.41]Education is too important to take seriously.
[00:07.77]When people take anything too seriously,
[00:11.49]they put on blinders,
[00:13.46]which cause them to miss the important aspects
[00:17.51]of what is going on around them.
[00:20.02]They develop “tunnel vision”
[00:22.65]which limits and distorts their perception of reality.
[00:27.02]Education is too important to be limited
[00:32.06]by those who have chosen to wear blinders
[00:35.01]and develop tunnel vision.
[00:37.30]I believe the accountability movement
[00:41.35]has encouraged many educators
[00:43.65]to take education too seriously.
[00:46.71]When we take education too seriously,
[00:50.22]we put standardized tests scores above children,
[00:54.59]we put lesson plans above teachers,
[00:58.32]and we put on our blinders,
[01:00.94]only to see a rather small segment of the children—
[01:05.53]that segment can be measured easily
[01:09.70]rather than looking at the child as a whole.
[01:12.75]By looking at the whole student,
[01:15.49]we can get a sense of whether
[01:17.79]that student enjoys learning,
[01:19.86]is functioning well with others,
[01:22.27]and feels good about himself.
[01:24.79]How can we take off our blinders?
[01:28.29]How can we eliminate tunnel vision
[01:31.47]to see the whole child?
[01:33.32]How can we not take everything so seriously?
[01:37.49]My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh.
[01:43.07]Psychologists have long believed that
[01:47.12]negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body.
[01:51.49]We know the opposite is also true.
[01:55.43]We know that a person with a good sense of humor
[01:59.37]has better healing qualities.
[02:01.56]Laughter actually relaxes the muscles,
[02:05.39]slows the heartbeats, and lowers blood pressure.
[02:09.44]Laughter stirs the inside
[02:12.39]and then gets the endocrine system moving,
[02:15.89]which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease.
[02:20.74]Laughter also relieves boredom,
[02:24.03]tension, guilt, depression, headaches and backaches.
[02:30.83]Now the passage will be read again.
[02:35.37]Education is too important to take seriously.
[02:40.19]When people take anything too seriously,
[02:44.01]they put on blinders,
[02:45.98]which cause them to miss the important aspects
[02:49.81]of what is going on around them.
[02:52.32]They develop “tunnel vision”
[02:55.17]which limits and distorts their perception of reality.
[02:59.44]Education is too important to be limited
[03:04.47]by those who have chosen to wear blinders
[03:07.53]and develop tunnel vision.
[03:09.72]I believe the accountability movement
[03:13.77]has encouraged many educators
[03:16.29]to take education too seriously.
[03:19.79]When we take education too seriously,
[03:22.85]we put standardized tests scores above children,
[03:26.90]we put lesson plans above teachers,
[03:31.05]and we put on our blinders,
[03:33.57]only to see a rather small segment of the children—
[03:38.39]that segment can be measured easily
[03:42.21]rather than looking at the child as a whole.
[03:45.17]By looking at the whole student,
[03:48.01]we can get a sense of whether
[03:49.78]that student enjoys learning,
[03:52.40]is functioning well with others,
[03:54.70]and feels good about himself.
[04:48.00]How can we take off our blinders?
[04:50.80]How can we eliminate tunnel vision
[04:53.77]to see the whole child?
[04:55.95]How can we not take everything so seriously?
[04:59.79]My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh.
[05:05.47]Psychologists have long believed that
[05:08.98]negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body.
[05:14.01]We know the opposite is also true.
[05:17.95]We know that a person with a good sense of humor
[05:21.67]has better healing qualities.
[06:14.17]Laughter actually relaxes the muscles,
[06:18.11]slows the heartbeats, and lowers blood pressure.
[06:21.83]Laughter stirs the inside
[06:24.89]and then gets the endocrine system moving,
[06:28.39]which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease.
[06:32.90]Laughter also relieves boredom,
[06:36.51]tension, guilt, depression, headaches and backaches.
[07:34.59]Now the passage will be read for the third time.
[07:39.61]Education is too important to take seriously.
[07:45.74]When people take anything too seriously,
[07:49.46]they put on blinders,
[07:51.54]which cause them to miss the important aspects
[07:55.59]of what is going on around them.
[07:57.99]They develop “tunnel vision”
[08:00.73]which limits and distorts their perception of reality.
[08:05.00]Education is too important to be limited
[08:10.03]by those who have chosen to wear blinders
[08:12.98]and develop tunnel vision.
[08:15.17]I believe the accountability movement
[08:19.22]has encouraged many educators
[08:21.41]to take education too seriously.
[08:24.58]When we take education too seriously,
[08:28.41]we put standardized tests scores above children,
[08:32.57]we put lesson plans above teachers,
[08:36.51]and we put on our blinders,
[08:39.24]only to see a rather small segment of the children—
[08:43.84]that segment can be measured easily
[08:47.66]rather than looking at the child as a whole.
[08:50.84]By looking at the whole student,
[08:53.47]we can get a sense of whether
[08:55.54]that student enjoys learning,
[08:57.95]is functioning well with others,
[09:00.25]and feels good about himself.
[09:02.77]How can we take off our blinders?
[09:06.27]How can we eliminate tunnel vision
[09:09.33]to see the whole child?
[09:11.52]How can we not take everything so seriously?
[09:15.35]My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh.
[09:20.93]Psychologists have long believed that
[09:24.54]negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body.
[09:29.57]We know the opposite is also true.
[09:33.51]We know that a person with a good sense of humor
[09:37.45]has better healing qualities.
[09:39.74]Laughter actually relaxes the muscles,
[09:43.57]slows the heartbeats, and lowers blood pressure.
[09:47.52]Laughter stirs the inside
[09:50.58]and then gets the endocrine system moving,
[09:54.08]which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease.
[09:58.59]Laughter also relieves boredom,
[10:01.98]tension, guilt, depression, headaches and backaches.
[10:13.08]Passage Two
[10:14.72]Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States
[10:19.11]to be suitable for the various audiences.
[10:21.74]People are always curious about how these ratings are set.
[10:26.66]The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,
[10:31.25]president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968
[10:37.50]as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.
[10:41.54]He guides 12 people to bear the responsibility
[10:46.36]of judging the movies that the American public
[10:49.01]is about to see and decide the ratings.
[10:52.40]Valenti himself has nothing to do with
[10:55.14]the actual rating of films,
[10:57.33]other than appointing the ratings board chairman
[11:00.61]and approving hires.
[11:02.79]In the 12 member board
[11:05.20]of the Classification Rating Administration,
[11:08.27]nine are “junior raters”.
[11:10.46]The other three are “senior raters”,
[11:13.41]who function as a sort of “board within the board”.
[11:16.80]They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.
[11:21.50]After a screening, each rater who attended it
[11:25.89](not every one sees every film)
[11:28.40]writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.
[11:32.56]Then the board meets and discusses the ratings
[11:36.50]and the raters then make the final reports.
[11:39.56]These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.
[11:44.38]A senior rater calls the director to convey the ratings,
[11:48.96]if the director is unhappy the rater offers opinions
[11:53.56]about how to rearrange the film.
[11:56.73]Because there are few clear standards,
[12:00.13]the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—
[12:03.85]such as “sex equals adult material”.
[12:07.57]But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.
[12:11.84]Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.
[12:16.54]One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating
[12:20.81](Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).
[12:25.84]Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .
[12:31.96]However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,
[12:36.56]because some films, comedies for example,
[12:40.49]use sexual scenes in a funny way.
[12:44.67]Now the passage will be read again.
[12:49.16]Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States
[12:54.85]to be suitable for the various audiences.
[12:57.36]People are always curious about how these ratings are set.
[13:02.28]The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,
[13:06.87]president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968
[13:13.11]as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.
[13:17.27]He guides 12 people to bear the responsibility
[13:22.09]of judging the movies that the American public
[13:24.93]is about to see and decide the ratings.
[13:27.99]Valenti himself has nothing to do with
[13:30.83]the actual rating of films,
[13:33.13]other than appointing the ratings board chairman
[13:36.53]and approving hires.
[13:38.28]In the 12 member board
[13:40.69]of the Classification Rating Administration,
[13:43.75]nine are “junior raters”.
[13:46.15]The other three are “senior raters”,
[13:48.78]who function as a sort of “board within the board”.
[13:52.50]They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.
[13:57.20]After a screening, each rater who attended it
[14:01.48](not every one sees every film)
[14:04.10]writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.
[14:08.48]Then the board meets and discusses the ratings
[14:12.41]and the raters then make the final reports.
[14:15.36]These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.
[14:20.07]A senior rater calls the director to convey the ratings,
[14:24.56]if the director is unhappy the rater offers opinions
[14:29.48]about how to rearrange the film.
[15:22.41]Because there are few clear standards,
[15:25.91]the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—
[15:29.42]such as “sex equals adult material”.
[15:33.57]But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.
[15:37.52]Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.
[16:30.88]One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating
[16:36.57]( Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).
[16:41.38]Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .
[16:47.84]However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,
[16:52.65]because some films, comedies for example,
[16:56.15]use sexual scenes in a funny way.
[17:51.39]Now the passage will be read for the third time.
[17:56.54]Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States
[18:02.12]to be suitable for the various audiences.
[18:04.85]People are always curious about how these ratings are set.
[18:09.44]The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,
[18:14.26]president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968
[18:20.27]as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.
[18:24.66]He guides 12 people to bear the responsibility
[18:29.25]of judging the movies that the American public
[18:32.09]is about to see and decide the ratings.
[18:35.27]Valenti himself has nothing to do with
[18:37.89]the actual rating of films,
[18:40.41]other than appointing the ratings board chairman
[18:43.69]and approving hires.
[18:45.66]In the 12 member board
[18:48.07]of the Classification Rating Administration,
[18:51.13]nine are “junior raters”.
[18:53.54]The other three are “senior raters”,
[18:56.49]who function as a sort of “board within the board”.
[19:00.22]They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.
[19:04.59]After a screening, each rater who attended it
[19:08.96](not every one sees every film)
[19:11.49]writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.
[19:15.86]Then the board meets and discusses the ratings
[19:19.47]and the raters then make the final reports.
[19:22.65]These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.
[19:27.46]A senior rater calls the director to convey the ratings,
[19:31.94]if the director is unhappy the rater offers opinions
[19:36.76]about how to rearrange the film.
[19:39.71]Because there are few clear standards,
[19:43.10]the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—
[19:46.83]such as “sex equals adult material”.
[19:50.76]But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.
[19:54.70]Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.
[19:59.41]One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating
[20:03.67]( Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).
[20:08.70]Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .
[20:15.05]However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,
[20:19.86]because some films, comedies for example,
[20:23.47]use sexual scenes in a funny way.