CNN News:美国即将进入流感季 医生建议接种疫苗

In the U.S., flu season starts next month. It's a time when flu epidemics often break out in the country. The Centers for Disease Control says it can last from October to May. This year, a group of American Pediatrician says flu mist, a nasal spray, designed to prevent the flu, should not be an option.
The reason: this summer, the CDC said it was not very effective.
Doctors are still recommending that Americans get the flu shot, just not the mist. They say everyone six months and older should be vaccinated and that that's the best protection against getting the flu. Vaccinations are not 100 percent effective. There's a chance you get the shot and still catch the flu. You just wouldn't get it from the shot itself.
DR. SANJAY GUPTA, cnn CHIEF MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT: Let me try and settle this flu shot thing, although I'm sure it's going to keep coming up again and again.
美国将从下个月开始进入流感季。流感季指流感病毒在美国爆发的时间。美国疾病控制中心表示，流感季可从10月下旬持续至次年5年。今年，一些美国儿科医生表示，旨在预防流感的鼻喷雾剂不应该被当作预防方法。
原因是：今年夏天，美国疾病控制中心称这种喷雾剂效果不大。
医生仍建议美国民众接种流感疫苗，不要使用喷雾剂。他们说，年龄在6个月以上者应该接种流感疫苗，这是预防流感的最佳方法。不过接种疫苗也不是100%有效。即使接种疫苗，也可能会感染流感。但是疫苗本身不会让你感染。
cnn首席医疗记者桑杰·古普塔医生：我来试着解决一下流感疫苗的问题，虽然我知道这个问题还会不断出现。

SUBTITLE: Debunking flu myths.
GUPTA: You can't get the flu from the flu shot. It's a dead virus, it can't actually cause flu. Why do people feel sort of crummy afterward?
It's because the flu vaccine is actually working, making your immune system fire up, get ready and recognize it, if it actually sees the flu, how to kill it.
No, it's not 100 percent fail safe. But it's still going to offer a lot of protection, so you are not going to be as sick as likely to get sick or if you do get sick, have a shorter duration.
OK, so if you are like me, your mom probably said don't go outside in the cold without your hat on, you are going to catch the flu. You can't catch the flu from just simply being outside in the cold.
But it does raise the question, why are there so many more flu cases in the winter months? You are likely to stay indoors more. So, if one person is sick, more people are likely to get sick.
The sun is lower in the sky, and as a result, you have less Vitamin D actually being produced in your body. Your immune system starts to get suppressed a little bit. You are more likely to get sick with the flu.
Winter months tend to be lower humidity. Viruses like the flu virus they like lower humidity. They are likely to live longer.
So, your mom may have been right: I mean look, moms are always right, but maybe not for the reasons you originally thought.
副标题：揭穿流感的秘密。
古普塔：你不会因为流感疫苗而感染流感。疫苗是一种被杀死的病毒，不会引发流感。为什么人们会在接种疫苗以后感觉不适呢？
这是因为流感疫苗在发挥作用，它在提升你的免疫系统，让免疫系统在流感来袭时做好准备并进行识别，然后消灭流感病毒。
虽然疫苗并不是100%的安全保护。但是疫苗可以提供许多保护，在你可能生病时保护你免遭疾病侵袭，或是在你生病后缩短你的生病时间。
好，如果你和我一样，你妈妈可能也这样说过：没戴帽子的时候不要去寒冷的室外，你会得流感的。其实你不会因为去寒冷的室外就患上流感。
不过这的确提出了一个问题：为什么流感多发于冬天？因为你可能在室内待的时间更长。如果一个人生病，那可能会有更多的人生病。
冬天时太阳在低空，因此你身体里产生的维生素D会减少。你的免疫系统开始被压制。所以，你更可能患上流感。
另外，湿度在冬季会降低。流感等病毒喜欢低湿度环境。这种环境可以延长病毒的生存时间。
所以，你妈妈的说法可能是正确的：我的意思是，妈妈们一直都是对的，不过并不是你最初认为的那个原因。