加拿大国家公园还能成为“处方药”？

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, 40 percent of American adults have at least two chronic diseases.

根据美国疾病控制中心的数据，40%的美国成年人至少患有两种慢性病。

They might include high blood pressure, mood disorders, heart problems, diabetes.

这些疾病可能包括高血压、情绪障碍、心脏问题、糖尿病。

According to the American Psychological Association, lower stress, better moods, better brain activity and possibly even overall happiness can all be linked to spending time in the great outdoors.

根据美国心理协会的说法，不多的压力、良好的情绪、健康的大脑活动，甚至可能是整体的幸福感，都可以与花时间在户外活动上联系在一起。

That's why there are dozens of programs that prescribe nature as a potential form of healing.

这就是为什么有几十个项目将自然作为一种可能的治愈方式。

Nature is everywhere.

大自然无处不在。

We can find it in the most unexpected places and nature is health.

我们可以在最意想不到的地方找到它，自然就是健康。

Park Prescription or PaRx is Canada's national nature prescription program.

公园处方, 或者说PaRx，是加拿大的国家自然处方计划。

What the physician or nurse does is they sit down with the patient and they figure out what kind of nearby natures is in their community.

医生或护士所做的就是要和病人坐下来，了解他们社区里附近的自然环境是什么样的。

And then they work with them together to come up with a plan where they can incorporate nature time into their everyday lifestyle.

医生和护士与病人一起合作，想出一个计划，把自然时间融入到他们的日常生活中。

Some cherry tomatoes, so this is the prescription.

一些樱桃西红柿，这就是处方。

And it just gives my name and it says my outdoor activity plan.

上面只写了我的名字和我的户外活动计划。

In 2022, we announced a new collaboration with Parks Canada where licensed health professionals can now prescribe national discovery passes that give you entry to national parks.

2022年，我们宣布了与加拿大公园的一项新合作，有执照的卫生专业人员现在可以开出国家探索通行证处方，这个通行证可以让你进入国家公园。

There are only two national nature prescription programs in the world and the first one was actually founded right in the U.S.

世界上只有两个国家自然处方项目，第一个实际上是在美国成立的。

Cost can be a barrier where there are day use fees.

费用可能是一个障碍，因为需要支付日间使用费。

So we're hoping that by prescribing these Parks Canada's discovery passes, that will reduce that barrier to nature access in a significant way.

因此，我们希望可以开出这些加拿大公园探索通行证的处方，这将在很大程度上减少通往自然的障碍。

Well, there are two major theories as to why nature is so good for our brains and the first one is called attention restoration theory.

关于为什么大自然对我们的大脑如此有益，有两种主要的理论，第一种是注意力恢复理论。

When we spend time in busy urban environments, all the hard edges and traffic and lights and people everywhere really make us have to constantly focus our attention to kind of navigate around those obstacles.

当我们在繁忙的城市环境中度过一段时间时，所有的硬边缘、交通、灯光和到处都是的人真的让我们不得不不断地将注意力集中在绕过这些障碍上。

Whereas when you spend time in nature, it's really this source of soft fascination.

然而，当你在大自然中度过一段时间时，自然真的是这种柔和的魅力之源。

So what that does is it restores your powers of attention and it reduces that fatigue and irritability.

因此，自然的作用是恢复你的注意力，减少疲劳、减少烦躁。

The second major theory is called stress reduction theory.

第二个主要理论是减压理论。

So basically when we spend time in nature after stressful events, it helps us be more resilient and recover faster.

大体上，我们遭遇压力事件后，然后在大自然中度过一段时间，这有助于我们变得更适应，恢复得更快。

When I recommended nature for the first time to a patient of mine, I thought he's going to look at me funny and he's going to laugh at me.

当我第一次向一位病人推荐大自然的时候，我以为他会奇怪地看着我，他会嘲笑我。

But he actually just nodded his head and said, you're absolutely right, when I spend more time in nature, I feel better.

但他实际上只是点点头表示，你说得太对了，当我花更多的时间在大自然中时，我感觉好多了。

And so I think healthcare providers sort of have to get over our own mental biases against new sort of lifestyle interventions and prescribe something evidence-based like nature time more often.

所以我认为，医疗保健提供者必须克服我们自己对新的生活方式干预的心理偏见，更多地开出一些以证据为基础的东西，比如自然时间。