21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册09

New Words

untold
a. not told to anyone 未说过的，未被讲述的；未透露的

synthesis
n. (pl syntheses / -si:z /) the combining of separate things, esp. ideas, to form a complex whole 综合，结合，综合体

Westerner
n. a native or inhabitant of the West, i.e. Europe and North America 西方人，欧美人

onwards
ad. forward in time or space 向前

dazzle
vt. (often passive) to impress sb. greatly through beauty, knowledge, skill, etc. 使昏眩；使惊奇；使赞叹不已；使倾倒

amnesia
n. partial or total loss of memory [医] 记忆缺失；遗忘（症）

regarding
prep.with reference to; concerning 关于；至于；就…而论，在…方面

awestruck
a. suddenly filled with wonder and respect or fear 充满敬畏（或畏怯、惊奇）之心

astronomical
a. of astronomy 天文学的；天文的，天体的

decimal
a. based on or counted in tens or tenths 小数的；十进位的

wheelbarrow
n. (also barrow) an open container for moving small loads in, with a wheel at one end, and two legs and two handles at the other 手推车；独轮车

multi-stage
a. having many stages （火箭、导弹等）多级的

underwater
a. situated, used or done below the surface of the water 在水下的；供水下用的；在水中操作（或生长）的

parachute
n. 降落伞

hot-air
a. filled with heated air 热空气的

brandy
n. a strong alcoholic drink usu. made from wine 白兰地（酒）

whisky
n. (US or Irish whiskey) a strong alcoholic drink made from malted grain, esp. barley or rye 威士忌酒
importation
n. the act of bringing goods, services, ideas, etc. from a foreign country into one's own country 进口；输入

nautical
a. of ships, sailors or sailing 船舶的；海员的；航海的

navigational
a. relating to the action, process or art of finding the position and direct the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc., using maps, instruments, etc. 航行的；航海的；航空的

navigation
n. 航行；航海；航空

rudder
n. a vertical piece of wood or metal at the back of a boat, used for steering （船的）舵
compass
n. (also magnetic compass) a device for finding direction. with a needle that always points to the north 罗盘（仪），指南针

multiple
a. having or involving many individuals, items or types 多个（或多项、多种）的
n. <数> 倍数

multiplyvt. 乘，使相乘

mast
n. an upright post of wood or metal used to support a ship's sails 船桅，桅杆

voyage
n. a long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行，（尤指）航海；航天

colonial
a. of, relating to or possessing a colony or colonies 殖民地的；拥有殖民地的

stirrup
n. either of a pair of metal or leather loops that hang down from a horse's saddle to support a rider's feet 马镫

knight
n. （欧洲中世纪的）骑士；（近代英国的）爵士（品位低于从男爵，其名前称号用 Sir）

armo(u)r
n. (formerly) a protective, usu. metal, covering for the body, worn when fighting 盔甲

damsel
n. (arch) a young woman who is not married （古）（诗）少女，姑娘；闺女

chivalry
n. (in the Middle Ages) the ideal qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, hono(u)r and concern for weak and helpless people 骑士品质（或气概、精神、道德标准、信条等）（如勇武、荣誉感、侠义、扶持弱小、慷慨、谦恭、尊敬女性、对敌人宽容等）；骑士制度

gunpowder
n. explosive powder used esp. in bombs or fireworks 火药

bullet
n. a small missile with a pointed end that is fired from a gun 子弹

literacy
n. the ability to read and write 识字，有文化；读写能力

movable
a. that can be moved 可动的，活动的

circulation
n. the movement of blood round the body from and to the heart 血液循环

circulate
v. （使）环行；（使）环流；（使）循环

borrowingn. a thing borrowed, esp. money or a word taken by one language from another 借用；采用；借用物；借用词语

downcast
a. (of a person, an expression, etc.) depressed; sad 垂头丧气的；沮丧的

all-pervading
a. present and seen or felt everywhere 遍及各方面的；无孔不入的

inextricable
a. so closely linked that separation is impossible （绳结等）解不开的；分不开的

inextricably
ad. 紧密地；不可分割地

gigantic
a. of very great size or extent; huge 巨大的；庞大的

originator
n. a person who originates; inventor 创始人；发明者；创作者

inheritor
n. a person who receives money, property etc. as a result of the death of the previous owner 继承人；后继者

resurrect
vt. 1. bring (sb.) back to life again 使（某人）复活
2. revive (a practice, etc.); bring back into use 使（某种做法等）重新流行；重新唤起对…的记忆；重新使用

ego
n. an individual's idea of oneself, esp. in relation to other people or to the outside world 自我，自己

unaided
a. not assisted by sb./sth; without help 无助的；独立的

folly
n. being foolish; lack of wisdom 愚笨，愚蠢

complacency
n. (usu. derog) a calm feeling of satisfaction with oneself, one's work, etc. 自满（情绪），沾沾自喜

self-satisfaction
n. (derog) a feeling of being too pleased with oneself and one's own achievements 沾沾自喜，自鸣得意

handful
n. a small number 少数，少量

pinnacle
n. the highest point; the peak 顶峰，极点，顶点

mo(u)ldboard
n. a curved metal plate in a plow, which turns over the earth from the furrow （农）犁壁

Strap
n. a strip of leather, cloth or other flexible material, often with a buckle, used for fastening sth., keeping sth. in place, carrying sth. or holding onto sth. 带，条带；皮带；布带；铁皮条

transport
vt. take sth./sb. from one place to another in a vehicle 运输，运送；输送；搬运

overland
ad. across the land; by land, not by sea or air 横越大陆地；经由陆路

satisfactory
a. of an acceptable nature or standard; good enough for a purpose 令人满意的；可喜的；恰当的

shipment
n. a cargo or goods transported, esp. by ship 装载（或交运）的货物（量）

sow
v. put or scatter seed in or on the ground; plant land with seed 播种，种；撒播（种子）；播种于（土地）

effortless
a. needing little or no effort 不需要努力的；不（大）费劲的；容易的

backward
a. having made or making less than normal progress 落后的

underdeveloped
a. (of a country, etc.) not having achieved a high level of economic development 未充分发展的；不发达的；落后的

adoption
n. the act of taking over sth. and having or using it as one's own 采取，采纳，采用

chasm
n. a very wide difference between people, groups, etc., esp. one that is unlikely to change （感情、兴趣、意见等的）大差别，大分歧

intimate
a. (of people) having a very close and friendly relationship 熟悉的；亲密的；密切的

fundamental
a. that need to be known or learned first; most important 基本的，根本的；重要的

Phrases and Expressions
bring...to an end
cause...to end 使…完结（终了、结束）

or rather
(used to correct sth. one has said previously, or to give more accurate information)more exactly; more truly; it would be better to say 或者确切点说

lose sight of
fail to consider (sth.); forget (sth.) 忘记；忽略

set...right
put...right; rectify 校正；纠正

take...to heart
consider seriously; be much affected or upset by (sth.) 认真考虑（某事）；关注（某事）；对（某事）想不开；为（某事）忧虑（或伤心、烦恼）

come about
happen, esp. in a way that seems impossible to prevent 发生，产生

for lack of
because there is not enough 因缺乏

come to the attention of
draw (sb.'s) attention 引起…的关注

compared to/with
examined to see how people or things are alike and how they are different 与…相比

by/in comparison to/with
(when) compared with/to 与…相比

look...in the eye(s)/face
look at (sb.) steadily without shame or embarrassment （心地坦然地）直视（某人），正视（某人）

Proper Names

Jesuit
耶稣会会士（1534 年 Ignatius Loyola 所创天主教一修会的成员）

Columbus
哥伦布（1451—1506，意大利航海家、新大陆发现者）

Gutenberg
谷登堡（1398—1468，德国金匠、活字印刷术发明者）

Harvey
哈维（1578—1657，英国医师、生理学家、实验生理学创始人之一）

Newton
牛顿（1642—1727，英国物理学家、数学家和天文学家）

Egypt
埃及（东北非国家）