21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册03

New Words

smallpox
n. a highly contagious disease causing spots which leave marks on the skin 天花

impasse
n. a position from which progress is impossible; deadlock 僵局；死胡同

tactics
n. a method or process of carrying out a scheme or achieving some end 战术；策略

dairymaid
n. a girl or woman who works in a dairy 牛奶场女工

dairy
n. 1. place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场；奶品场
2. shop where milk, butter, etc. are sold 乳品店

cowpox
n. a disease of cows, of which the virus was formerly used in vaccination against smallpox 牛痘

vaccination
n. 接种疫苗

scourge
n. thing or person that causes great trouble or misfortune 苦难的根源；灾难；祸害

dead end
n. a point beyond which progress or achievement is impossible; a street or passage closed at one end 僵局；死巷，死胡同

vainly
ad. uselessly; in vain 枉然地；徒劳地

vain
a. 1. having too high an opinion of one's looks, abilities, etc.; conceited 自视甚高的；自负的
2. useless or futile 无用的，无益的，无效的；徒劳的

erase
vt. rub out; remove all traces of 擦掉；抹去

lateral
a. of, at, towards, or from the side or sides 横向的；侧面的；向侧面的

laterally
ad. in a lateral direction, sideways 横向地；侧面地；旁边地

lateral thinking
横向思维，水平思考

going
n. 1. the condition of the ground for walking, driving or riding 地面状况
2. condition of progress 进行情况；进展

framework
n. 1. set of principles or ideas used as a basis for one's judgement, decisions, etc. 参照标准；准则；观点
2. structure giving shape and support 框架，结构

vertical
a. straight up and down; at right angles to a horizontal plane 纵向的；垂直的

vertically
ad. in a vertical direction 垂直地

sequential
a. of, forming, or following in (a) sequence 相继的；连续的

flaw
n. a defect; fault; error 瑕疵；缺点

structure
n. sth. built; anything composed of parts arranged together; way in which sth. is put together, organized, built, etc. 结构；建筑物；构造物

utmost
a. greatest; highest 极度的；极高的

significance
n. importance; meaning 重要性；意义，含义

sidestep
v. step aside; avoid by stepping aside 横跨一步避开；回避

head-on
ad. in a direct manner; with the head or front first 正面地；迎头向前地

parable
n. a brief story used to teach some moral lesson or truth 寓言

donkey
n. 驴

slack
a. not tight or firm; loose 不紧的；松弛的

flank
v. be located at the side (of); attack the side (of) 位于侧面；攻击侧面

man(o)euver
n. a planned movement of troops or warships; a skillful move or clever trick 部队等的调遣；巧计；策略

flanking maneuve
n. 侧攻策略

zen
n. a japanese form of Buddhism, emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition 禅；禅宗

archer
n. a person who shoots with a bow and arrows 弓箭手

bow
n. 弓

imply
vt. express indirectly; suggest 暗示；意味着

sideways
a. to or from a side 旁边的；向侧面的

affirm
vt. declare to be true; say firmly 断言；肯定

period
int.（美口）（常用于叙述事实或看法后表示强调）就是这话；就是这么回事

cease
vt. put an end to; stop 终止；停止

Phrases and EXpressions

take in
receive; absorb 接受；接纳；吸收

in effect
in reality 实际上

take over
take control in place of sth. else 取而代之；取得主导地位

be hung up on/about
be thinking or worrying too much about 因…而烦心；因…而心神不宁

wind up
(infml.) bring or come to an end; end in a specified state or circumstance （口）（使）结束；以…告终

end up
wind up; come out 结束；结果是

pull on
draw (one end of sth. long) continuously and with force 用力拉（某长形物之一端）

Proper Names

Caroline Seebohm
卡罗琳·西博姆

Edward Jenner
爱德华·詹纳（1749 — 1823，英国医生，发现牛痘对天花有免疫力，1796年试验牛痘接种成功）

Edward de Bono
爱德华·德·博诺（1933 —，美国哲学家）

Aristotelian
（古希腊哲学家和科学家）亚里士多德（式）的

Sherlock Holmes
歇洛克·福尔摩斯（英国作家 A. Conan Doyle 所著系列侦探小说中的虚构主人公，一位推理能力极强的私家大侦探）

Watson
华生（福尔摩斯的助手）

A.A.Bridger
A·A·布里杰