历年考研英语真题mp3之完形填空(2004)

2004

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency

(crimes committed by young people)

focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.

Theories (1)centering on the individual suggest

that children engage in criminal behavior(2)because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds

or that they have learned criminal behavior through (3)interaction with others.

Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (4)respons

to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,

(5)or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,

(6)ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.

The latter may commit crimes(7)for lack of adequate parental control.

All theories, however, are tentative and are (8)subject to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly (9)affect juvenile crime rates.

For example, changes in the economy that (10)lead to fewer job opportunities for youth

and rising unemployment (11)in general

make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.

The resulting discontent may in (12)turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also (13)experienced changes these years.

More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;

(14)consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home

(15)than was common in the traditional family (16)structure.

This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.

Other (17)identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school,

the increased (18)availability of drugs and alcohol,

and the growing (19)incidence of child abuse and child neglect.

All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,

(20)although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.