NPR News:美国奥兰多枪击案致50人死亡 枪手曾宣誓效忠ISIS
今天凌晨，一名枪手在一家受LGBT群体欢迎的爆满夜总会开枪。枪击事件造成50人死亡，另有53人受伤。官员正在努力整合枪手的信息，并寻找枪手的动机。其中一个可能性是这名男子因效忠ISIS而制造了枪击案。NPR新闻的反恐记者迪娜•坦普•拉斯顿一直在追踪这一事件，她现在将和我们连线。迪娜，谢谢你再次和我们连线。
DINA TEMPLE-RASTON, BYLINE: You're welcome.
迪娜•坦普•拉斯顿连线：不客气。
MARTIN: Now, law enforcement officials suggested that this may have been an ISIS-inspired attack. Let's listen to what they said.
马丁：执法官员认为这可能是一起受到ISIS影响而引发的袭击。我们来听一下他们的说法。
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
RONALD HOPPER: There were 9-1-1 calls in which there was conversation between the subject and law-enforcement representatives with 9-1-1 dispatchers. It's my understanding — I have not personally listened to them — but it was general to the Islamic State.
罗纳德•霍普：枪手曾拨打911电话和执法调度员进行过对话。我本人还没有听过这段对话，不过我认为基本上来说与ISIS有关。
MARTIN: Dina, tell us more about this.
马丁：迪娜，详细和我们说一下这方面的情况。
TEMPLE-RASTON: Well, I think the thing the investigators are trying to determine is whether this ISIS connection was opportunistic or ideological. I mean, on its official newsfeed, ISIS took responsibility for this attack. And they said one of their followers was responsible.
But they didn't give any details about the attack beyond what's been reported publicly, which suggests this is very different from, for example, the November Paris attacks, which were planned and initiated by the group from Syria. There's no indication so far, for example, that the shooter, Omar Mateen, had any direct contact with ISIS whatsoever. And this gets to the difficulty of these kinds of attacks.
Back in the days when al-Qaida was the biggest threat, there was a lot more command in control. The heads of al-Qaida had to approve every attack, so it was easier to get to motive. Now the connections are just much more gossamer, so it's hard to say definitively what the motive might have been in this case.
坦普•拉斯顿：我认为调查人员现在正在努力查明这起案件与ISIS的联系是机会性的还是意识形态方面的。ISIS在其官方网站上宣称对这起枪击案负责。他们说他们的一名效忠者制造了枪击案。
但是除了目前公开的情况以外，ISIS并没有提供任何袭击案的细节，这表明这起案件与去年11月发生的巴黎恐袭案有明显的不同，巴黎恐袭案是由这个来自叙利亚的组织策划并发动的。目前没有迹象表明枪手奥马尔•马丁与ISIS存在直接联系。这正是这类袭击案的难度所在。
在“基地”组织还是最大威胁的那个时代，对指令的控制更为严格。“基地”组织头目必须对每次袭击进行批准，所以那时很容易得知袭击的动机。但是现在的联系不是那么紧密，所以很难准确说明这起案件的动机。
MARTIN: What else do we know about the shooter?
马丁：目前我们还了解枪手的什么信息？
TEMPLE-RASTON: Well, he's 29 years old. He was born here in the United States. His parents came from Afghanistan. He was a security guard in West Palm Beach and had had that job — a steady job — for nine years. Officials say that he made some inflammatory remarks to co-workers back in 2013. And those statements were investigated by the FBI. He was questioned again in 2014, but there wasn't any reason to pursue it any further. The FBI decided he wasn't dangerous.
It's important to note that ISIS didn't even exist when Mateen was questioned. As far as we know, he has no al-Qaida connections or ever tried to travel to join other terrorist groups. Officials have been worrying for a long time that the saturation coverage of ISIS rather than the ideology itself will end up motivating terrorist attacks in this country. And I think they're trying to get to whether or not this is a case of that.
坦普•拉斯顿：枪手今年29岁。他出生在美国。他的父母来自阿富汗。他在西棕榈滩做安保工作，过去九年他一直从事这份稳定的工作。官员表示，2013年时他曾对同事说过煽动性言论。当时美国联邦调查局对他的言论进行了调查。他在2014年再次被警方询问，不过因为关联性很小，所以警方没有继续追查。联邦调查局认为他不是危险人物。
有必要指出，马丁被询问时ISIS还没有出现。据我们所知，他与“基地”组织并无联系，而且也没有出国加入其他恐怖组织。很长时间以来，官员一直担心激发美国恐怖袭击事件的可能是媒体对ISIS的连篇报道，而不是ISIS的意识形态。我认为调查人员正在努力查明这起事件是否就是这种情况。
MARTIN: Now, have officials ruled out that this is a hate crime, that the gunman chose this particular venue because of animosity toward the LGBT community?
马丁：官员有没有排除仇恨犯罪的可能性？这名枪手选择这个场所是否与他仇视LGBT群体有关？
TEMPLE-RASTON: Not at all. I mean, those two things are not mutually exclusive. This could have been an ISIS-inspired attack and an attack against the LGBT community. Omar Mateen's father told NBC News that his son had seen two gay men kissing several months ago, and that had really angered him. ISIS is an avowedly anti-gay terrorist organization. People suspected of being gay who live in the parts of Syria and Iraq that ISIS controls are routinely thrown off buildings to their death. I don't know if these attacks can be described as singularly motivated. I think most of these kinds of attacks usually have many motivations.
坦普•拉斯顿：一点也没有。这两件事并不互相排斥。这可能是因为ISIS而引发的袭击，也可能是针对LGBT群体的袭击。奥马尔•马丁的父亲在接受美国全国广播公司的采访时表示，他的儿子在几个月前曾目睹两名同性恋男子接吻，他对此非常生气。ISIS自认是反同性恋恐怖组织。在叙利亚和伊拉克境内ISIS控制的地区，如果被怀疑是同性恋，会被ISIS从楼上扔下去处死。我不知道这些袭击能否以异常动机来形容。我认为这类袭击中的大多数都包含很多动机。
MARTIN: As we mentioned, you've covered a lot of these kinds of attacks. And it's early in the investigation, but given the breadth of your reporting and what you know, how would you characterize this?
马丁：我们刚才提到过，你报道过很多这类袭击事件。现在是早期调查阶段，不过考虑到你报道的宽度和你所知道的信息，你会如何描述这起事件？
TEMPLE-RASTON: Well, so far this seems a little like the San Bernardino attacks. You'll recall that the San Bernardino attacks, a husband and wife team went into a Christmas party — where some of his fellow employees were having a Christmas party — and they opened fire. And about 40 minutes before that attack, Syed Farook's wife said on Facebook that they both pledged allegiance to ISIS. In this case, as we heard from the tape, it appears Omar Mateen declared his allegiance in a 9-1-1 call to police while the attack was actually going on. So one of the questions that's still unanswered is what exactly is the connection to ISIS in this case?
坦普•拉斯顿：目前来看这起袭击有点类似圣贝纳迪诺袭击案。你应该还记得圣贝纳迪诺袭击，一对夫妻在同事举行的圣诞节派对上开枪。在那起袭击发生前40分钟，塞义德•法鲁克的妻子在脸谱网上表示，他们夫妻二人宣誓效忠ISIS。在这起枪击案中，就像我们刚才听到的录音中所说，奥巴尔•马丁在行凶前也在911电话中对警方表示他宣誓效忠ISIS。目前仍无法回答的其中一个问题是，这起案件到底与ISIS有何联系？
MARTIN: That's NPR's Dina Temple-Raston. Thanks Dina.
马丁：以上是NPR新闻的迪娜•坦普•拉斯顿带来的报道。谢谢你，迪娜。
TEMPLE-RASTON: You're welcome.
坦普•拉斯顿：不客气。
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