NPR News:核协议助伊朗石油产量和出口量飙升
伊朗和世界强国达成的核协议于1月开始实施，外界普遍认为，在数年的制裁之后，伊朗的石油产业至少要用一年的时间才能恢复此前的水平。但是伊朗的发展让专家感到惊讶，而且超出了外界的预期。NPR新闻的杰基•诺瑟姆将带来详细报道。
JACKIE NORTHAM, BYLINE: Iran has the fourth largest oil reserves in the world. The sanctions put in place in 2012 hit oil production and exports hard. Many analysts thought the industry, with its aging infrastructure and lack of maintenance, would have a hard time rebounding when sanctions were lifted in January.
杰基•诺瑟姆连线：伊朗的石油储量位居世界第四。2012年实施的制裁对伊朗的石油生产和出口造成了严重打击。许多分析人士认为，由于伊朗石油产业基础设施老化又缺少维护，所以在制裁于1月解除后，该产业很难重振。
JACOB KIRKEGAARD: They have clearly pulled it off. This surprised me as much as anybody else.
雅各布•柯克加德：显然伊朗成功地做到了复兴。这让我和其他人非常惊讶。
NORTHAM: Jacob Kirkegaard of the Peterson Institute for International Economics says Iran's oil industry has done better than expected since sanctions were lifted.
诺瑟姆：彼得森国际经济研究所的雅各布•柯克加德表示，自制裁解除以来，伊朗的石油产业的表现好于预期。
KIRKEGAARD: Both their production levels and their export levels have really increased very, very dramatically since late last year.
柯克加德：自去年年底以来，伊朗石油产业的产出量和出口量都大幅增加。
NORTHAM: Iran is now on track to restore oil production to pre-sanction levels of 3.5 million barrels a day. That's up more than 20 percent. Robert McNally is president of The Rapidan Group, an energy consulting firm. He says what's striking is the amount of exports has doubled to just over 2 million barrels a day.
诺瑟姆：现在伊朗的石油生产已恢复至制裁前的水平，每天产出350万桶。较此前增加了20%。罗伯特•麦克纳利是能源咨询公司拉皮丹集团主席。他表示，令人震惊的是伊朗的石油出口量翻了一倍，日出口量已超过200万桶。
ROBERT MCNALLY: The big debate amongst the barrel counters is whether those exports are coming from new production entirely or whether the exports are coming from production, but also drawing down of inventories of oil that had been accumulating, both onshore but also in tankers and so forth.
罗伯特•麦克纳利：出口统计过程中一个主要的争论是出口石油是完全来自新产出还，还是出口量既来自于产出，又减少了国内和油轮上一直在积累的石油库存。
NORTHAM: Amy Myers Jaffe, an energy specialist at the University California at Davis, says even if the Iranians had been drawing down oil that had stored away during sanctions, it would be running low by now. She says there are two reasons we're likely still seeing high production and export numbers.
诺瑟姆：加州大学戴维斯分校的能源专家艾米•迈尔斯•贾菲表示，即使伊朗在减少制裁期间贮存起来的石油，但是现在状况依然不佳。她说伊朗石油产出量和出口量可能继续保持高位，原因有两个。
AMY MYERS JAFFE: One is that they are running their fields as hard as they can, even if that means it would damage the fields in the long-term. The second thing is that, you know, maybe the Xers were wrong about how damaged their fields are.
艾米•迈尔斯•贾菲：首先，伊朗在最大限度地运行油田，即使这意味着从长期来看这种做法会给油田造成损害。第二个原因是，也许以前的人错误地估计了油田的损坏程度。
NORTHAM: McNally says it's very likely Iran rested or turned off some oil fields during sanctions.
诺瑟姆：麦克纳利表示，伊朗很可能在制裁期间关闭了一些油田。
MCNALLY: When you have time to do that, you can reduce your field's productions in a planned, orderly way and make it so that when you turn on the field again — when you open up the spigot, that field will be able to flow.
麦克纳利：在你有时间的时候，你可以有计划、有秩序地减少油田的产出量，这样在恢复油田使用时，在打开塞子以后，油田就能继续产油了。
NORTHAM: The Peterson Institute's Kirkegaard says oil is one of the few areas where Iran has benefited from the nuclear deal. Other things like foreign investment into other sectors has been much slower for fear of violating remaining U.S. sanctions on Iran, which are kept in place because of links to terrorism and human rights abuses.
诺瑟姆：彼得森国际经济研究所的柯克加德表示，石油业是伊朗受益于核协议的几个产业之一。由于外界担心违反美国仍对伊朗实施的制裁，所以外国对伊朗其他产业的投资比石油业慢了很多，由于与恐怖主义和侵犯人权相关，目前伊朗遭受的一些制裁仍然有效。
KIRKEGAARD: This is clearly one area or what market which has not been stifled by these remaining U.S. sanctions.
柯克加德：显然这是其中一个领域或者说市场因一些仍然有效的美国制裁而受到了抑制。
NORTHAM: But Kirkegaard says those sanctions don't discourage many from buying a tanker or two of Iranian oil. Jackie Northam, NPR News, Washington.
诺瑟姆：不过柯克加德表示，这些制裁不会阻止人们购买一或两个油轮的伊朗石油。NPR新闻，杰基•诺瑟姆华盛顿报道。
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